ترویجی
Rostam Khorshidiyan; Ayatollah Karami; Mehdi Nooripoor
Abstract
This research was carried out aimed at identifying the economic, social and environmental consequences of changing cultivation patterns of low- yield steep land to rainfed gardens in Kabgian District of Boyer Ahmad County. Using the opinion of the experts of the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kohgiluyeh ...
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This research was carried out aimed at identifying the economic, social and environmental consequences of changing cultivation patterns of low- yield steep land to rainfed gardens in Kabgian District of Boyer Ahmad County. Using the opinion of the experts of the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces, a causal-comparative study was conducted among three villages that accepted and three villages that did not accept the project (N = 771) at two time points before and after the project. According to Bartlett's sampling table, 156 individuals (72 users who accepted and 84 users who did not accept the project) were determined as a sample. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, in which the face validity was employed to check the validity of its different parts, and the Cronbach's alpha was applied to determine its reliability. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software and descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that cost, production, employment, financial power and property, sales market, support, competition, investment, income and facilities explained 70.77% of the total variance of the project's economic consequences. The factors including migration, job desirability, the use of knowledge and experience, participation, belonging to the village, satisfaction with institutions, knowledge, support and conflict explained 75.5% of the variance of the project's social consequences. The quality of the environment, the pattern of the village, the change in the species, the amount of consumption explained 68.83% of the variance of the project's total environmental consequences. The results indicated a more favorable situation of the group that accepted the project than the group that did not accept the project in terms of economic, social and environmental dimensions In addition, the economic, social and environmental status of the individuals accepting the project at the current time was evaluated as more favorable than before changing the cultivation pattern. In total, the findings showed that the change in the cultivation pattern has improved the residents' economic, social and environmental conditions. Furthermore, the results revealed that the probability of accepting the project is higher among individuals with higher income and married ones.
ترویجی
Pezhman Roudgarmi
Abstract
Recognizing land use and land cover changes is important for optimal management and planning of natural resources and the agricultural sector, and the use of satellite images is a suitable technology for updating land use and cover maps. The aim of the article is to determine the amount and type of land ...
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Recognizing land use and land cover changes is important for optimal management and planning of natural resources and the agricultural sector, and the use of satellite images is a suitable technology for updating land use and cover maps. The aim of the article is to determine the amount and type of land cover/use changes in Tehran province using satellite data over the past two decades, and Landsat-7 satellite images were used to cover Tehran province in 2000 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were used for 2021. Necessary processing was done on images and remote sensing data in spatial analysis software and the required information was obtained. The area of natural resources and agricultural land in 2000 was estimated to be 1,050,155 and 174,115 hectares, respectively, and in 2021, it was estimated to be 946,200 and 170,800 hectares. During the years 2000 to 2021, the area of natural resources in the province has decreased by 103,955 hectares. In total, between the mentioned two years, 3315 hectares of the agricultural land area of the province has been reduced, and also based on the results of the research, about 39000 hectares of agricultural land have been changed to built-up use. This situation is because, during this period, about 36000 hectares of land natural resources have been converted to agriculture and have compensated for the further reduction of agricultural land. Also, 107,129 hectares have been added to the built-up land in the province. Among the suggestions for preserving agricultural and natural lands, are setting up a system for monitoring land use and land cover using remote sensing capabilities and refraining from dividing and shrinking Tehran province.
مروری
Ali Akbar Damavandi
Abstract
Land is a vital resource for producing food, preserving biodiversity, facilitating the naturalmanagement of water systems and acting as a carbon sequestrating media. Appropriate land management can protect and maximize these services for society. Conversely, desertification, land degradation and drought ...
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Land is a vital resource for producing food, preserving biodiversity, facilitating the naturalmanagement of water systems and acting as a carbon sequestrating media. Appropriate land management can protect and maximize these services for society. Conversely, desertification, land degradation and drought (DLDD) have accelerated, particularly in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas. The underlying biophysical and anthropogenic causes of land degradation are multiple and overlapping. The underlying biophysical and anthropogenic causes of landdegradation are multiple and overlapping. Embedded in the understanding of the ‘economics of DLDD’s set of methodologies for assessing the true societal impacts of land degradation. These form the cornerstone for determining how to best allocate financial, technical and human resources to tackle DLDD. The background paper estimates the costs of DLDD, or conversely, the benefits of sustainable land management (SLM), for different parts of the world. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) should account for both benefits and costs of halting land degradation. CBA is a powerful tool to help decision makers objectively choose among different land-use management strategies and thereby pursue effective, resilience-building interventions when funding is limited.In this paper, Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) method has been used for economical analysis and consult analysis based on.In fact, effort in global scale for suspension of land degradation need to suitable economical analysis of these pheneomena.
مروری
Adel Reyhanitabar
Abstract
Many agriculture students, particularly those studying soil science, question the importance of studying mathematics. How much mathematics is needed in soil science and how much mathematics should a student of this discipline know? Will I use derivative, integral or differential equations in soil science? ...
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Many agriculture students, particularly those studying soil science, question the importance of studying mathematics. How much mathematics is needed in soil science and how much mathematics should a student of this discipline know? Will I use derivative, integral or differential equations in soil science? One reason why some students may not pay enough attention to mathematics is because they do not understand its relevance to soil science. This paper explores the necessity of mathematical knowledge in soil science by presenting practical examples from different fields, including soil physics, biology, chemistry, and fertility. Examples range from using differential equations to study water and energy transport to calculating the maximum crop yield and economic profit using quadratic equations. Such examples can be used by mathematics lecturers in the Faculty of Agriculture, particularly the Department of Soil Science, to motivate students to better understand the relevance of mathematics. Providing compelling reasons for studying mathematics will strengthen students' motivation to learn it.
مروری
Ali Asadi kangarshahi; Negin Akhlaghi Amiri
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate potassium fertilization management for citrus trees. This evaluation can lead to a better understanding of the potassium requirement, the amount of fertilization, the appropriate time of fertilization, the process of potassium absorption and transfer in these ...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate potassium fertilization management for citrus trees. This evaluation can lead to a better understanding of the potassium requirement, the amount of fertilization, the appropriate time of fertilization, the process of potassium absorption and transfer in these trees, which is very effective in optimizing potassium fertilizer recommendations. Mature citrus trees contain 300 to 750 kg K/ha, 15 to 20 percent of which is in the leaves and 45 to 60 percent is in the fruits of these trees. Based on these results and based on the long-term review of citrus fertilization experiments in Iran and other parts of the world, it was concluded that 50 to 200 kg K2O/ha applied annually is need for production stability, improvement of fruit yield and quality, proper growth and tree health, with 50 - 70% of this being incorporated in the production of fruits, about 5% deposited and stored in the trees, and the balance is made up by absorption and desorption reactions in soil. The results of various researches have showed that the highest K-requirement and K-uptake rate in citrus trees occurred during June drop to fruit maturity (the second stage of fruit growth), and that in during minimum activity (winter), the beginning of the growing season and after harvesting, the uptake is very low. Therefore, potassium in the older tissues plays the greatest role in the growth and development of leaves, branches, flowers and fruits in the early growing season (the beginning of the growth of the branches, flowering and fruit formation) when the absorption of potassium from the soil is still very low. Therefore, foliar application of potassium fertilizers and potassium reserves of trees play an important role in regulating the supply of potassium to new growing and developing organs, especially at the beginning of the growing season. Therefore, the purpose of potassium fertilization is to ensure production stability, improve fruit yield and quality, storage time, reduce physiological disorders of fruits, and soil fertilization before flowering and fruit set has no effect on the growth of spring branches, flowering and fruit set in a current year. Therefore, it is recommended that producers should be stoped the rate of application (percentage of the annual requirement) before flowering and fruit set and gradually start k application from the middle to the end of the first stage and in the second stage of fruit growth increased to a maximum rate.
Research Paper
Seyed Mashaallah Hosseini; Aziz Majidi; Hadi Pirasteh anooshe
Abstract
The reports show the promising effect of using mycorrhizal fungi and glycine betaine to improve the drought tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and as a result, increase the yield quantity and quality in rainfed conditions. Therefore, the present experiment was carried out to investigate this ...
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The reports show the promising effect of using mycorrhizal fungi and glycine betaine to improve the drought tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and as a result, increase the yield quantity and quality in rainfed conditions. Therefore, the present experiment was carried out to investigate this effect as an on-farm experiment in the calcareous soils in the Abadeh region of Fars province in the 2021-22 growing season in the field conditions. The experimental treatments included 1) using inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi in the form of seeds before cultivation + foliar spraying of glycine betaine based on the integrated plant nutrition system and 2) the common management of the field as a control. The endomycorrhizal inoculum consisted of a mixture of three species of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus etunicatum at 2% (2 kg with surfactant with 100 kg of seeds) and glycine betaine foliar spraying at 5 mg L-1 at the first stem node and booting stages. The measured characteristics consisted of grain yield components (ear number per m-2 meter, grain number per ear, and thousand-grain weight), grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, and seed quality (concentration of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu). The results showed that using mycorrhizal fungi and glycine betaine in the research treatment significantly increased the yield by increasing the grain number per ear. Grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index in the research treatment were greater than the control treatment by about 60%, 39%, and 14%, respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and zinc in wheat grain increased significantly under the influence of research treatment; which indicated the improvement of seed quality in research treatment conditions. In general, it seems that the application of seed-used mycorrhizal fungi inoculant before planting along with glycine betaine foliar spraying can increase grain yield by 60% and improve crop quality (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and zinc content) in rainfed conditions, which leads to product stability and higher farmers` income.
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