Study of Factors Influencing Potassium and Ammonium Fixation in the Soil, Clay Minerals and its Roles in Potassium Fertilizer Consumption

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Soil Sciences, Ramin Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Khuzestan

2 Former M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Soil Sciences, Ramin Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.

Abstract

Potassium and ammonium fixation is one of the most important factors that influence the availability of these ions in the soil. Type of clay minerals, charge density, potassium and ammonium saturation percentage, concentration of potassium and ammonium ions in soil solution, wetting and drying cycles, soil moisture content, soil pH and the amount of soil organic matter are the most common and important factors affecting the fixation of potassium and ammonium in clays and soils. These cations have the same ionic radius and, therefore have same behavior to be fixed by clay minerals. Application of ammonium and potassium fertilizers together can decrease fixation capacity of these ions, and improve uptake of these ions by plants. Application of ammonium ions can decrease potassium fixation in the soil and, therefore it can increase potassium availability for plants and reversible. This result has important effect on economic and management of fertilizers application, and should be considered for the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Therefore, study the attribute factors on NH4+ and K+ fixation and its competitions can lead us to better management for these components and can help for selection of best program for fertilizer management and could be used for a good program for effect of clay mineral fixation. According to this, by application of NH4+ fertilizers, such as urea, K+ release from clay mineral will be increased. Therefore, K+ for plant uptake will be provided. We attempt to elaborate a review for evaluation of K and NH4+ fixation and affected factors on this process in soil. Finlay strategy for the optimum usage of these elemental fertilizers in plant nutrition will be proposed. 

Keywords

References

  1. بستانی، ع. و غ. ر. ثواقبی فیروزآبادی. 1390. بررسی ظرفیت تثبیت پتاسیم در تعدادی از خاک‌های زیر کشت نیشکر خوزستان. نشریه آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 5: 993-982.
  2. پیشگیر، م. 1390. مقایسه تثبیت پتاسیم و آمونیم در اراضی با کاربری‌های مختلف. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین، خوزستان.
  3. جعفری، س. و م. باقرنژاد. 1386. بررسی اثرات تر وخشک شدن وسیستم‌های کشت بر تثبیت پتاسیم در برخی از خاک‌ها و رس‌های خوزستان. مجله علوم وفنون کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی. دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.11(41):90-75.
  4. جلالی، م. 1381. اثر تیمارهای پتاسیم بر پتاسیم محلول و تبادلی خاک. مجله علوم آب و خاک. 16 (1): 11-1.
  5. حسین‌پور، ع. و م. ر. پناهی. 1389. گنجایش تثبیت پتاسیم و ویژگی‌های بار در شماری از خاک‌های آهکی استان همدان. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، علوم آب و خاک. 14 (52): 73-65.
  6. حسین‌پور، ع. 1387. شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک. انتشارات دانشگاه پیام‌نور. تهران. 170-116.
  7. حسین‌پور، ع. وم. کلباسی. 1380. تثبیت پتاسیم و ویژگی‌های بار الکتریکی رس خاک در شماری از خاک‌های مناطق مرکزی و شمال ایران. مجله علوم وفنون کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی. 5 (3): 93-79.
  8. رفاهی، ح. 1359. مقایسه تثبیت پتاسیم در برخی از خاک‌های آهکی و اسیدی ایران. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران. 11 (1و2و3): 74-62.
  9. سالاردینی، ع. ا. 1387. کودها و حاصلخیزی خاک. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. 428.
  10. شهبازی، ک. و ح. توفیقی. 1386. اثر رژیم‌های رطوبتی مختلف بر پتاسیم تبادلی خاک. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران. 38 (1): 171-161.
  11. گلستانیفرد،ع. وح. توفیقی. 1378. بررسی تثبیت در خاک‌های شالیزاری شمال ایران. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران.39(1):185-173.
  12. گلستانی فرد، ع. 1375. بررسی تثبیت پتاسیم در خاک‌های شالیزاری شمال ایران. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران.
  13. گلی‌کلانیا، ا.، م.ح. روزی‌ طلب.، م.ج. ملکوتی و ع. صمدی. 1384.مطالعه ظرفیت خاک برای تثبیت پتاسیم و کانی شناسی جزء رس، سیلت وشن خاک‌های زیر کشت انگور منطقه ارومیه با پراش پرتو ایکس. نهمین کنگره علوم خاک ایران. تهران. 388-387.
  14. معزاردلان، م. و غ. ثواقبی فیروزآبادی. 1388. مدیریت حاصلخیزی خاک برای کشاورزی پایدار. تهران. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. 387.
  15. ملکوتی، م. ج. و م. همایی. 1383. حاصلخیزی خاک‌های مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک (مشکلات و راه حل‌ها). انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. 278-68.
  16. Ahmad, N., E.D. Reid., M. Nkrumah., S.M. Griffith., and L. Gabriel. 1982. Crop utilization and fixation of added ammonium in soils of the west. Journal Plant and Soil. 67: 167-186.
  17. Arifin, H.F., and K.H. Tan. 1973. Potassium fixation and reconstitution of micaceous structure in soils. Soil Science. 116: 31-35.
  18. Badraoui, M., and P.R. Bloom.1989. The effect of wetting and drying cycles, temperature and extracting solution on measured potassium fixation in soils of two region of Morocco. Commune. Soil Science Plant Analyses. 20: 1353-1375.
  19. Bajwa, M.I. 2008. Comparative ammonium and potassium fixation by some wetland rice soil clay as affected by mineralogical composition and treatment sequence. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 158 (1): 65-68.
  20. Bajwa, M.I. 1985. Ammonium and potassium fixation by wetland rice soils. Journal of Agric Reserch. 6 (1): 23-25.
  21. Bajwa, M.I. 1981. Soil clay mineralogy in relation to fertility management: effect of soil clay mineral composition on potassium fixation under conditions of upland rice soils. Fertilizer Research. 2: 193-197.
  22. Barre, P., B. Velde., C. Fontaine., N. Catel., and L. Abbadie. 2008. Which 2:1 clay minerals are involved in the soil potassium reservoir? Insights from potassium addition or removal experiments on three temperate grassland soil clay assemblages. Geoderma. 146: 216-223.
  23. Barre, P., B. Velde., N. Catel., and L. Abbadie. 2007. Soil plant potassium transfer: impact of plant activity on clay minerals as seen from X-ray diffraction. Plant Soil. 292: 137-14
  24. Bohn, H.L., B.L. Mcneal., and G.A. O,connor. 2001. Soil Chemistry. 3nd. Wiley and Sons, New York. 309.
  25. Borchardt, G. 1989. Smectites. In: Dixon, J. B. and Weed, S. B. (Eds.). Minerals in soil environments. 2nd. Soil Science Society America. Madison, Wisconsin. 675-728.
  26. Bouabid, R., M. Badraoui., and P.R. Bloom. 1991. Potassium fixation and charge characteristics of soil clays. Soil Science Society of American Journal. 55: 1493-1498.
  27. Brady, C.N., and R.R. Weil. 2008. The Nature and properties of soils. (15 Ed.) Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. New Jersey 07458.
  28. Chen, S.Z., P.F. Low., and C.B. Roth. 1987. Relation between potassium fixation and the oxidation state of octahedral iron. Soil Science Society American, Journal. 51: 82-86.
  29. Chittamart, N., A. Suddhiprakaran., I. Kheoruenromne., and R.J. Gilkes. 2010. Charge properties and potassium fixation by clay from Thai Vertisols. 19th Congress of Soil Science. 26-29.
  30. Doram, D.R., and L.J. Evans. 1983. Native fixed ammonium and fixation of added ammonium in relation to clay mineralogy in some Ontario soils. Can. Journal Soil Science Society. 63: 631-639.
  31. Douglas, L.A. 1989. Vermiculites. In: Dixon, B. and Weed, S. B, (eds), Minerals in soil environments. Soil Science Society American. Madison, Wisconsin. 635-673.
  32. Durak, A., K. Kilic., and H. Yildiz. 1996. The ammonium fixation in two great soil groups having different clay mineralogy during growth season. European Society for New Methods in Agricultural Research. 15-21.
  33. Dyal, R.S., and S.B. Hendricks. 1952. Formation of mixed layer minerals by potassium fixation in montmorillonite. Soil Science Society of America. 16: 45-48.
  34. Elmaci, O.L., M. Secer., O. Erdemir., and N. Iqbal. 2002. Ammonium fixation properties of some arable soils from the Aegean region of Turkey. European Journal of Agronomy. 17: 199-208.
  35. Feigenbaum, S., A. Hadas., M. Sofer., and J.A.E. Molina. 1994. Clay fixed ammonium as a source of available nitrogen. Soil Science Society American Journal. 58: 980-985.
  36. Ghildyal, B.P., and P.N. Singh. 1961 Ammonium fixation in cultivated and afforested alluvial soil. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 6 (4): 164-169.
  37. Gourley, C.J.P. 1999. Potassium. In Soil analysis and interpretation manual. (Eds. Peverill, K. I., Sparrow, L. A. and Reuter, D. J). CSIRO Publishing, Collinwood, VIC 3066, Australia. 229-243.
  38. Gouveia, G.A., and G.D. Eudoxie. 2007. Distribution of fertilizer N among fixed ammonium fraction as affected by moisture and fertilizer source and rate. Biol Fertil Soils. 44: 9-18.
  39. Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton., S.L. Tisdale., and W.L. Nelson. 2005. Soil fertility and fertilizers. Prentice-Hall, Inc, USA.
  40. Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton., S.L. Tisdale., and W.L. Nelson. 1999. Soil fertility and fertilizers. Prentice-Hall, Inc, USA. 207.
  41. Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton., S.L. Tisdale., and W.L. Nelson. 1991. Soil fertility and fertilizers in introduction to nutrient management. Prentice-Hall. 196-216.
  42. Huang, P.M. 2005. Chemistry of potassium in soils. In: Tabatabai, M. A. and Sparks, D. L. (Eds.). Chemical Processes in Soils. Soil Science Society of America. Madison Wisconsin, USA. 227-292.
  43. Huang, P.M., J.M. Zhou., J.C. Xie., and M.K. Wang. 2005. Potassium in soils. In: Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Ed. Daniel Hillel et al.). Academic Press, New York, USA. 303-314.
  44. Inoue, A. 1983. Potassium fixation by clay minerals during hydrothermal treatment. Clay and Clay Minerals. 31 (2): 81-91.
  45. Jalali, M. 2010. Multivariate statistical analysis of potassium status in agricultural soils in Hamadan, Western Iran. Pedosphere. 20: 293-303.
  46. Jalali, M. 2007. A study of quantity/intensity relationships of potassium in some calcareous soils of Iran. Arid Land Res Management. 21: 133-141.
  47. Juang, T.C., M.K. Wang., H.J. Chen., and C.C. Tan. 2001. Ammonium fixation by surface soils and clays. Soil Science. 166: 345-352.
  48. Kilic, K., M.R. Derici., and K. Saltali. 1999. The ammonium fixation in great soil groups of tokat region and some factors affecting the fixation. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 23: 673-678.
  49. Kirkman, J.H., A. Basker., A. Surapaneni., and H. MacGregor. 1994. Potassium in the soils of New Zealand a review. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 37: 207-227.
  50. Komadel, P., J. Madejova., and J.W. Stucki. 2006. Structural Fe (III) reduction in smectites. Apply. Clay Science. 34: 88-94.
  51. Kowalenko, C.G., and S. Yu. 1996. Solution, exchangeable and clay-fixed ammonium in south coast British Columbia soils. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 473-483.
  52. Kowalenko, C.G., and D.R. Cameron. 1976. Nitrogen transformations in an incubated soil as affected by combination of moisture and temperature and adsorption fixation of ammonium. Canadian Journal Soil Science. 56: 63-70.
  53. Lagaly, M. 1981.Charactrization of clay by organic compounds. Clay Minerals. 16: 1-21.
  54. Liang, B.C., and A.F. Mackenzie. 1994. Fertilization rates and clay fixed ammonium in two Quebec soils. Plant and Soil. 163: 103-109.
  55. Liao, Y.L., S.X. Zheng., J. Nie., J. Xie., Y.H. Lu., and X.B. Qin. 2013. Long-term effect of fertilizer and rice straw on mineral composition and potassium adsorption in a reddish paddy soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 12: 694-710.
  56. Liu, Y.L., B. Zhang., C.L. Li., F. Hu., and B. Velde. 2008. Long-term fertilization influence on clay mineral composition and ammonium adsorption in rice paddy soils. Soil Science Society American Journal. 72: 1580-1590.
  57. Lu, C., X. Zhang., X. Chen., Y. Shi., J. Ma., M. Zhao., G. Chi., and B. Huang. 2010. Fixation of labeled (15NH4)2SO4 and its subsequent release in black soil of Northeast China over consecutive crop cultivation. Soil and Tillage Research.106: 329-334.
  58. Lv, G., X. Wang., L. Liao., Z. Li., and M. He. 2013. Simultaneous removal of low concentrations of ammonium and humic acid from simulated groundwater by vermiculite/palygorskite columns. Applied Clay Science. 86: 119-124.
  59. Malovolta, E. 1985. Potassium status of tropical and subtropical region soils in Potassium in Agriculture. Munson, R.D. (Ed.). American Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin. 163-200.
  60. Marzadori, C., L. Vittori., and P. Gioacchini. 1994. Turnover of interlayer ammonium in soil cropped with suger beet. Biol Fertil Soisl. 18: 27-31.
  61. Mclean, E.O., and M.E. Watson. 1985. Soil measurements of plant available potassium. In: Munson, R. D. (ed), Potassium in agriculture. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madiso, WI. 277-308.
  62. Mela Mela, P. 1962. Fixation of ammonium by clay minerals in relation to probable effects on the vegetative development of plants. Soil Science. 93: 189-194.
  63. Mengel, K., D. Horn., and H. Tributh. 1990. Availability of interlayer ammonium as related to root vicinity and mineral type. Soil Science. 149 (3): 131-137.
  64. Murashkina, M.A., R.J. Southard., and G.S. Petty-grove. 2007. Potassium fixation in San Joaquin valley soils derived from granitic and non-granitic alluvium. Soil Science. Society American Journal. 71: 125-132.
  65. Murashkina, M.A., R.J. Southard., and G.S. Petty-grove. 2007. Silt and fine sand fractions dominate K fixation in soils derived from granitic alluvium of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Geoderma. 141:283-293.
  66. Nielsen, J.D. 1972. Fixation and release of potassium and ammonium ions in Danish soils. Plant and Soil. 36: 71-88.
  67. Ningappa, N., and N. Vasuki. 1989. Potassium fixation in acid soils of Kranataka. Soil Science. Society Journal. 37: 391-392.
  68. Olk, D.C., K.G. Cassman., and R.M. Carlson. 1995. Kinetics of potassium fixation in vermiculite soils under different moisture regimes. Soil Science Society of American Journal. 59: 423-429.
  69. Opuwaribo, E., and C.T.I. Odu. 1978. Ammonium fixation in Nigerian soils: 4. the effects time, potassium and wet and dry cycles on Ammo fixation. Journal Soil Science. 125.
  70. Oustan, S.H., M. Asghari., M.R. Neyshabouri., and A. Bybordi. 2008. Potassium fixation affected by moisture conditions in some soils of Azerbaijan. International meeting on soil fertility land management and agro-climatology. Turkey. 619-625.
  71. Porter, L.K., and B.A. Stewart. 1970. Organic interferences in the fixation of ammonium by soils and clay minerals. Soil Science. 100: 229-233.
  72. Prasad, R., and J. Power. 1997. Soil fertility management for sustainable agriculture. Boca New York. 219-223.
  73. Qinzhen, F. 2006. Influence of ammonium on release and fixation of potassium in soil. Institute of Soil Science. Academia Sinica.
  74. Rechcigl, J.E., M.R. Teel., and D.L. Spark. 1988. Ammonium fixation from area as influenced by nitrapyrin. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 19 (14): 1583-1591.
  75. Ross, G.J., and A.R. Cline. 1984. Potassium exchange characteristics in relation to mineralogical properties and potassium uptake by grapes of selected soils in Niagara Peninsula of southern Ontario. Can. Journal Soil Science. 64: 87-98.
  76. Sardi, K., and G. Csitari. 1998. Potassium fixation of different soil types and nutrient levels. Commun. Soil Science and Plant Anal. 29: 1843-1850.
  77. Scherer, H.W., and S. Weimar. 1994. Fixation and release of ammonium by clay minerals after slurry application. European Journal of Agronomy. 3: 23-28.
  78. Scherer, H.W. 1993. Dynamics and availability of the non-exchangeable NH4+-N. European Journal of Agronomy. 2: 149-160.
  79. Scherer, H.W. 1982. Fixed NH4-N in relation to EUF-extractable K. Plant Soil. 64: 67-71.
  80. Schneiders, M., and H. Scherer. 1998. Fixation and release of ammonium in flooded rice soils as affected by redox potential. European Journal of Agronomy. 8: 181-189.
  81. Seal, A., R. Bera., K. Mukhopadhyay., and P. Bhattacharyya. 2006. Potassium fixation capability of some acid Alfisols developed under tropical environment in Eastern India. International Journal of Soil Science.1 (2): 128-133.
  82. Simonsson, M., S. Hillier., and I. Oborn. 2009. Change in clay minerals and potassium fixation capacity as a result of release and fixation of potassium in long-term field experiments. Geoderma. 151: 109-120.
  83. Simonsson, M., S. Andersson., Y. Rangel., S. Hillier., L. Mattsson., and I. Oborn. 2007. Potassium release and fixation as a function of fertilizer application rate and soil parent material. Geoderma. 140: 188-198.
  84. Smith, S.J., J.W. Power., and W.D. Kemper. 1994. Fixed ammonium and nitrogen availability indexes. Soil Science. 158: 132-140.
  85. Sparks, D.L. 1987. Potassium dynamics in soils. In: Stewart, B.A. (Ed.), Advances in soil science. 6: 1-63
  86. Sparks, D.L., and P.M. Huang. 1985. Physical chemistry of soil potassium. In Munson, R. D. (Ed.). Potassium in agriculture. American Society of Agronomy, Madison Wisconsin. 201-276.
  87. Sparks, D.L., and W.C. Libhartd. 1982. Effect of long-term lime and potassium application on quantity- intensity relationships in sandy soil. Soil Science Society American, Journal. 66: 780-790.
  88. Steenkamp, C.J., A.A. Theron., and J.A. De.Bruy. 1989. Potassium fixation in an Arcadia soil. II.Fixation by the clay fraction South Africa. Journal of Plant and Soil. 6 (2): 86-91.
  89. Steffens, D., and D.L. Sparks. 1999. Effect of residence time on the Kinetics of non-exchangeable ammonium release from illite and vermiculite. Plant Nutrient Soil Science. 162: 599-605.
  90. Sun, Y., S.R. Wu., and J.L. Lu. 2000. Studies on the fixed-NH4 capacity and the accumulating supplying N ability in Lou soil. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas. Chine. 18: 8-15.
  91. Tofighi, H., and S. Abasiyan. 2009. Kinetics of competitive fixation of potassium and ammonium ions by some soils and their clay and silt components. XIV I nternational Clay Conference. Castellaneta Marina Italy. 579.
  92. Wang, H.Y., J.M. Zhou., C.W. Du., andX.Q. Chen.2010. Potassium Fractions in Soils as Affected by Monocalcium Phosphate, Ammonium Sulfate, and Potassium Chloride Application. Pedosphere. 20: 368-377.
  93. Wen, Q.X.,L.L. Cheng., and B.Y. Cheng. 2000. Fixed ammonium in soils of China. Acta Pedologica Sinica. Chine. 37: 145-155.
  94. Yan, T., W. Xiao-zhi.,Z. Hai-Tao., and F. Ke. 2008. Effect of potassium and C/N Ratios on conversion of NH4 in soils. Pedosphere. 18 (4): 539-544.
  95. Yu, X.F., Y.X. Zhang., Y.C. Zou., H.M. Zhao., X.G. Lu., and G.P. Wang. 2011. Adsorption and Desorption of Ammonium in Wetland Soils Subject to Freeze-Thaw Cycles. Pedosphere. 21: 251-258.
  96. Zeng, Q.I., P. Brown., and Q.P. Zeng. 2000. Soil potassium mobility and uptake by corn under different soil moisture regimes. Plant and Soil. 221 (2): 121-134.
  97. Zhang, W.Z., X.Q. Chen., J.M. Zhou., D.H. Liu., H.Y. Wang., and C.W. DU. 2013. Influence of Humic Acid on Interaction of Ammonium and Potassium Ions on Clay Minerals. Pedosphere. 23: 493-502.
  98. Zhang, Y.Z., S.H. Huang., D.J. Wan., Y.X. Huang., W.J. Zhou., and Y.B. Zou. 2007. Fixed ammonium content and maximum capacity of ammonium fixation in major types of tillage soils in Hunan Province, China. Agricultural Sciences in China. 6(4): 466-474.
  99. Zhang, C.Y., and S.X. Li. 2003. The studies on fixed NH4+ and effecting factors on it in soils from west China. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas. Chine. 21: 54-58.
  100. Zhang, Y.S., and H.W. Scherer. 1999. Ammonium fixation by clay minerals in different layers of two paddy soils after flooding. Biol Fertile Soils. 29: 152-156.
Land Management Journal
Volume 3, Issue 2
April 2016
Pages 121-139

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics