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Potassium Fertilization in Citrus Orchards

Document Type : مروری

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

2 Agronomy and Horticultural Science Department, Mazandaran Agricultuarl and Nutural Resources Research and Education

10.22092/lmj.2024.363801.345

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate potassium fertilization management for citrus trees. This evaluation can lead to a better understanding of the potassium requirement, the amount of fertilization, the appropriate time of fertilization, the process of potassium absorption and transfer in these trees, which is very effective in optimizing potassium fertilizer recommendations. Mature citrus trees contain 300 to 750 kg K/ha, 15 to 20 percent of which is in the leaves and 45 to 60 percent is in the fruits of these trees. Based on these results and based on the long-term review of citrus fertilization experiments in Iran and other parts of the world, it was concluded that 50 to 200 kg K2O/ha applied annually is need for production stability, improvement of fruit yield and quality, proper growth and tree health, with 50 - 70% of this being incorporated in the production of fruits, about 5% deposited and stored in the trees, and the balance is made up by absorption and desorption reactions in soil. The results of various researches have showed that the highest K-requirement and K-uptake rate in citrus trees occurred during June drop to fruit maturity (the second stage of fruit growth), and that in during minimum activity (winter), the beginning of the growing season and after harvesting, the uptake is very low. Therefore, potassium in the older tissues plays the greatest role in the growth and development of leaves, branches, flowers and fruits in the early growing season (the beginning of the growth of the branches, flowering and fruit formation) when the absorption of potassium from the soil is still very low. Therefore, foliar application of potassium fertilizers and potassium reserves of trees play an important role in regulating the supply of potassium to new growing and developing organs, especially at the beginning of the growing season. Therefore, the purpose of potassium fertilization is to ensure production stability, improve fruit yield and quality, storage time, reduce physiological disorders of fruits, and soil fertilization before flowering and fruit set has no effect on the growth of spring branches, flowering and fruit set in a current year. Therefore, it is recommended that producers should be stoped the rate of application (percentage of the annual requirement) before flowering and fruit set and gradually start k application from the middle to the end of the first stage and in the second stage of fruit growth increased to a maximum rate.

Keywords

References
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  1. Yasini, K., Malkuti, M.J., Asadi Kangarshahi, A. and Roadbari, S., 2021. Two -year study on the role of balanced fertilization in orange fruit yield increase and tolerance to frost in orange fruit. Hort. Plants Nutr, 4(2), pp. 137-148.doi:10.22070/hpn.2022.5333.1087 (In Persian)
Land Management Journal
Volume 12, Issue 1
September 2024
Pages 57-80
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