Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Salinity of irrigation water is a major limiting factor for the development of irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Moreover, application of saline water might increase soil salinity and mitigate its fertility in the absence of scientific principles and proper management. The present experiment was carried out using a complete block design with five irrigation treatments at the Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center during the period 2017‒2018. The treatments included one irrigation with water abstracted from the Karun River; one with saline water of 5 dS/m; one with saline water of 8 dS/m; two with the Karun River water and one with saline water of 5 dS/m; and finally two with the Karun River water and one with saline water of 8 dS/m, all conducted in triplicates. The results showed that salinity of irrigation water led to significantly reduced leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaflet number, leaflet length, and trunk perimeter at the 5% probability level. Maximun and minimun values of plant vegetative properties were obtained under irrigation with water from the Karun River and that with saline water of 8 dS/m, respectively, such that the mean number of leaves and leaflets decreased by 73.0 and 69.2%, respectively. Compared to the irrigation treatment with the water from the Karun River, the one with two irrigations with the Karun River water and once with saline water of 5 dS/m did not lead to any significant reductions in such vegetative characteristics as numbers of leaves and leaflets of the date palm seedlings at the 5% probablity level. It may be concluded that date palm seedlings may be safely irrigated with saline water of up to 5 dS/m if irrigation management is properly implemneted.
Keywords
- علیحوری، م. و تیشه زن، پ. 1390. زیر برنامه آبیاری/ برنامه راهبردی بخش خرما در کشور. انتشارات کردگار. اهواز.
- کافی، م.، صالحی، م. و عشقی زاده، ح. 1389. کشاورزی شورزیست: راهبردهای مدیریت گیاه، آب و خاک. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. مشهد.
- مستعان، ا.، لطیفیان، م.، تراهی، ع.، امانی، م.، محبی، ع. و علیحوری، م. 1396. راهنمای فنی کاشت، داشت و برداشت خرما. نشر آموزش کشاورزی. تهران.
- مولوی، ح.، محمدی، م. و لیاقت، ع. 1390. اثر مدیریت آب شور طی دوره رشد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانهای و پروفیل شوری خاک. علوم و مهندسی آبیاری، 35(3): 18-11.
- ولیزاده، م.، تیشهزن، پ. و برومندنسب، س. 1391. بررسی اثر آبیاری با آب شور بر رشد نهالهای خرما (ارقام برحی و دیری). اولین همایش ملی خرما و امنیت غذایی، اهواز، ایران.
- همایی، م. 1381. واکنش گیاهان به شوری. تهران: کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی ایران.
- Al-Rokibah, A.A., Abdalla, M.Y. and Fakharani, Y.M. 1998. Effect of water salinity on Thielaviopsis paradoxa of growth of date palm seedling. Journal of King Saud University, 10(1): 55-63.
- Alhammadi, M.S. and Edward, G.P. 2009. Effect of salinity on growth of twelve cultivars of the United Arab Emirates date palm. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 40(15-16): 2372-2388.
- Alrasbi, S.A.R., Hussain, N. and Schmeisky, H. 2010. Evaluation of the growth of date palm seedling irrigated with saline water in the Sultanate of Oman. Proceeding of the Fourth International Date Palm Conference, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: 233-246.
- Barreveld, W.H. 1993. Date palm products. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 101, Rome, Italy.
- Chaudhry, M.R. and Bhutte, M.N. 2002. Conjunctive use of water: impact on soil and crops. Proceeding of the International Workshop on conjunctive water management for sustainable irrigated agriculture in south Asia, Lahour, Pakistan: 133-145.
- El-Sharabesy, S.F., Wanas, W.H. and Al-Kerdany, A.Y. 2008. Effect of salinity stress on some date palm cultivars during proliferation stage in vitro. Arab. Journal Biotech. 11(2): 273-280.
- He, C., Fukuhara, T., Sun, J. and Feng, W. 2009. Enhancement of soil moisture preservation by date palm mulch. Mem. Grad. Eng. Univ. Fukui., 57: 53-56.
- Hussein, F., Khalifa, A.S. and Abdalla, K.M. 1993. Effect of different salt concentration on growth and salt uptake of dry date palm. Proceeding of Third Symposium on the Date palm, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia: 299-304.
- Kurup, S.S., Hedar, Y.S., Al-Dhaheri, M.A., El-Heawiety, A.Y., Aly, M.A.M. and Alhadrami, G. 2009. Morpho-physiological evaluation and RAPD markers -assisted characterization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties for salinity tolerance. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7(3&4): 503-507.
- Ramoilya, P.J. and Pandey, A.N. 2003. Soil salinity and water status effect growth of Phoenix dactylifera seedlings. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31(4): 345-353.
- Rhoades, J.D., Kandiah, A. and Mashali , A.M. 1992. The use of saline waters for crop production. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 48, Rome, Italy.
- Terasaki, H., Fukuhara, T., Ito M. and He, Ch. 2009. Effects of gravel and date-palm mulch on heat moisture and salt movement in a desert soil. Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 1: 320-325.
- Tishehzan, P., Naseri, A., Hassanoghli, A. and Meskarbashi, M. 2011. Effects of shallow saline water table management on the root zone salt balance and date palm growth in South-West Iran. Res. on Crops, 12 (3): 839-847.
- Xue, J. and Ren, L. 2017. Conjunctive use of saline and non-saline water in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin. Irrigation and Drainage, 66(2): 147-162.
- Youssef, T and Awad, M.A. 2008. Mechanisms of enhancing photosynthetic gas exchange in date palm seedlings (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under salinity stress by a 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fertilizer. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 27(1): 1-9