Comparison of the advantages and limitations of 137Cs, 210Pbex, and 7Be fallout radionuclides in soil erosion assessments

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.

Abstract

Fallout radionuclides, FRNs, (i.e., 137Cs, 210Pbex, and 7Be) are being increasingly used to obtain quantitative information on soil erosion and sediment redistribution within agricultural landscapes over different timescales. The technique is frequently regarded as a valuable complement to conventional measurement methods. The objective of the present article is two-fold: to review the advantages and limitations of each of the above three FRNs and to identify the key gaps in the current knowledge on their application. In addition, guidelines are introduced for selecting the most appropriate FRNs and the associated application methods for a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Also, the key objectives to be pursued in future investigations including upscaling FRN applications in soil erosion to catchment scale and the shift from their use as a research tool to a decision support one will be explored.

Keywords

References

  1. اسدی، ت؛ شاهوئی، س.ص؛ اسدی، م و شهسوار، ا.م. 1390. کاربرد روش سزیم-137 به‏منظور برآورد فرسایش و رسوب در خاک‎های حوزه آبخیز طاسران کبودرآهنگ. مجله مهندسی و مدیریت آبخیز. جلد 3، شماره 2. صفحه 101-94.
  2. بابانژاد، ن؛ کیانی، ف؛ خرمالی، ف؛ ایزدپناه، ع و اصغریزاده؛ ف. 1397. امکان‎سنجی استفاده از رادیونوکلوئید سزیم-137 در تخمین فرسایش خاک‎های حوزه آبخیز شصت کلا استان گلستان. نشریه مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار. جلد هشتم، شماره دوم. صفحه 147-133.
  3. خدادادی، م؛ گرجی، م؛ قنادی مراغه، م؛ بهرامی سامانی ، ع؛ میرسید حسینی، ح؛ زاهدی امیری، ق و مفتاحی، م. a استفاده از رادیونوکلوئید بریلیوم-7 در برآورد توزیع مجدد خاک در زمین‎های دیم استان کرمانشاه. نشریه مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار. جلد چهارم، شماره چهارم. صفحه 148-127.
  4. خدادادی، م؛ گرجی، م؛ قنادی مراغه، م؛ بهرامی سامانی ، ع؛ میرسید حسینی، ح؛ مفتاحی، م و زاهدی امیری، ق. b ارزیابی اولیه‏ی امکان استفاده از رادیونوکلید سرب-210 اضافی در برآورد توزیع مجدد خاک در اراضی دیم منطقه‏ی کوهین. مجله‎ی علوم و فنون هسته‎ای. جلد 70. صفحه 63-53.
  5. خواجوی، ا؛ عربخدری، م؛ مهدیان، م.ح؛ شادفر، ص. 1394. بررسی مقادیر فرسایش و تلفات خاک در سطح کشور با استفاده از ارقام اندازه‏گیری‎شده روش سزیم 137 و پلات‏های آزمایشی. پژوهشنامه مدیریت حوزه آبخیز جلد 6، شماره 11. صفحه 151-137.
  6. سیدعلیپور، ح؛ فیض نیا، س؛ احمدی، ح؛ زارع، م.ر؛ حسینعلی‏زاده، م. 1393. مقایسه فرسایش خاک به روش سزیم 137 و مدل RUSLE-3D در نهشته‏های لسی شمال شرق ایران (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز آق‎امام). نشریه پژوهش‎های حفاظت آب و خاک، جلد 21، شماره 5. صفحه 48-28.
  7. ‎علیزاده، ح و علیپور، س.ح. 1390. کاربرد رادیونوکلوئیدهای ریزشی (137Cs، 210Pbex، 7Be) در جابه‎جایی ذرات خاک در لس‎های مراوه‎تپه استان گلستان. مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک. جلد دوم، شماره هفتم. صفحه 101-83.
  8. کلهر، م. 1377. مقایسه دو روش سزیم 137- و مدل جهانی تلفات خاک (USLE) به منظور برآورد فرسایش و رسوب در حوزه آبخیز ریمله (لرستان). پایان‎نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.
  9. نصرتی ک.، جلالی س.، زارع م. ر. و شیرزادی ل. 1396. برآورد فرسایش و رسوب در حوزه آبخیز زیارت گرگان با استفاده از. سزیم 137. محیطزیست و مهندسی آب، جلد 3، شماره 2، صفحات: 118-109.
  10. هنرجو، ن؛ علی محمدی، ع؛ چرخابی، ا.ح؛ محمودی، ش؛ جلالیان ا.1387. مطالعه تاثیرات واحدهای ژئومورفولوژی در میزان فرسایش و رسوب به کمک سزیم رادیواکتیو در یک لنداسکیپ حوضه آبخیز گرگک. مجله علمی کشاورزی،جلد 31، شماره 2، صفحه 109-99.
  11. یوسف کلافی، س. 1373. استفاده از سزیوم -137 در اندازه گیری فرسایش سطحی. پایان‎نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
  12. Abbasi, A., and F. Mirekhtiary. 2019. 137Cs and 40K concentration ratios (CRs) in annual and perennial plants in the Caspian coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 146: 671-677.
  13. Abbaszadeh, F., S. Ayoubi. and A. Jalalian. 2010. Soil redistribution rate and its relationship with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen using 137Cs technique in a cultivated complex hillslope in western Iran. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 101: 606–614.
  14. Alonso, J., Audicio, P., Martinez, L., Scavone, M., Rezzano, E. 2012. Comparison of measured Cs-137 data and USLE/RUSLE simulated long term erosion rates. Agrociencia Uruguay. 261-267.
  15. Ayoubi, S., M. Ahmadi. M.R. Abdi. and F. Abbaszadeh Afshar. 2012. Relationships of 137Cs inventory with magnetic measures of calcareous soils of hilly region in Iran. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 112: 45–51.
  16. Baskaran, M., R. Mudbidre and L. Schweitzer. 2020. Quantification of Po-210 and Pb-210 as tracer of sediment resuspension rate in a shallow riverine system: Case study from southeast Michigan, USA. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 222: 106339.
  17. Bazshoushtari, N., S. Ayoubi and M. R. Abdi. 2016. Variability of 137Cs inventory at a reference site in west-central Iran. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 165: 86-92.
  18. Blake, W. D.E. Walling, and Q. He 1999. Fallout beryllium-7 as a tracer in soil erosion investigations. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 51 (5): 599–605.
  19. Ding, Z., Z. Zhang, Y. Li, L. Zhang and K. Zhang. 2020. Characteristics of magnetic susceptibility on cropland and pastureland slopes in an area influenced by both wind and water erosion and implications for soil redistribution patterns. Soil and Tillage Research. 199:104568.
  20. Evans, R., A.L.Collins, Y. Zhang, I.D.L.Foster, J.Boardmane, H. Sint, M.R.F Lee and B.A. Griffith. 2017. A comparison of conventional and 137Cs-based estimates of soil erosion rates on arable and grassland across lowland England and Wales. Earth-Science Reviews. 173: 49-64.
  21. Feng, T., Chen, H., Polyakov, V.O., Wang, K., Zhang, X., Zhang, W. 2016. Soil erosion rates in two karst peak-cluster depression basins of northwest Guangxi, China: Comparison of the RUSLE model with 137Cs measurements. Geomorphology, 253: 217–224.
  22. Gharibreza, M.R., M. Zaman, P. Porto, E. Fulajtar, L. Parsaei and H. Eisaei. 2020. Assessment of deforestation impact on soil erosion in loess formation using 137Cs method (case study: Golestan Province, Iran). International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 8(4): 393-405.
  23. He, Q. and D.E. Walling. 2000. Calibration of a field-portable gamma detector to obtain in situ measurements of the 137Cs inventories of cultivated soils and floodplain sediments. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 52: 865–872.
  24. Holiaka, D., V. Yoschenko, S. Levchuk, and V. Kashparov. 2020. Distributions of 137Cs and 90Sr activity concentrations in trunk of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Chernobyl zone. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 222: 106319.
  25. Li, Y., Wang, Z., Zhao, J., Lin, Y., Tang, G., Tao, Z., Gao, Q., Chen, A. 2021. Characterizing soil losses in China using data of 137Cs inventories and erosion plots. Catena. 203: 105296.
  26. Mabit, L. and W. Blake. 2019. Assessing Recent Soil Erosion Rates through the Use of Beryllium-7 (Be-7). Springer.
  27. Mabit, L., A. Toloza, and A. Nirschl 2008a. Development of a fine soil increment collector (FSIC) to solve the main limitation of the use of 7Be as soil tracer. In: IAEA-Soils Newsletter, vol. 30(2), Laboratory Activities-Research, pp. 21–22.
  28. Mabit, L., C. Bernard, and M.R. Laverdie` re. 2002. Quantification of soil redistribution and sediment budget in a Canadian watershed from fallout caesium-137 (137Cs) data. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 82 (4): 423–431.
  29. Mabit, L., C. Bernard, and M.R. Laverdie`re. 2007. Assessment of erosion in the Boyer River watershed (Canada) using a GIS oriented sampling strategy and 137Cs measurements. Catena. 71 (2): 242–249.
  30. Mabit, L., C. Bernard, M. Makhlouf, M.R. Laverdie`re. 2008b. spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics. Geoderma.145 (3–4): 245–251.
  31. Martinez, C., Hancock, G.R., Kalma, J.D. 2009. Comparison of fallout radionuclide (caesium-137) and modelling approaches for the assessment of soil erosion rates for an uncultivated site in south-eastern Australia. Geoderma. 151: 128–140.
  32. Meusburger, K., P. Porto, L. Mabit, C. La Spada, L. Arata and C. Alewell. 2018. Excess Lead-210 and Plutonium-239+240: Two suitable radiogenic soil erosion tracers for mountain grassland sites. Environmental Research. 160: 195-202.
  33. Morgan, R.P.C., 2005. Soil Erosion and Conservation, third ed. Blackwells, 314 pp.
  34. Nosrati, K., A. Haddadchi, M. R. Zare and L. Shirzadi. 2015. An evaluation of the role of hillslope components and land use in soil erosion using 137Cs inventory and soil organic carbon stock. Geoderma. 243–244: 29-40.
  35. Porto, P., D.E. Walling, C. La Spada, and G. Callegari. 2016. Validating the Use of 137Cs measurements to derive the slope component of the sediment budget of a small rangeland catchment in southern Italy. Land Degradation and Development. 27: 798-810.
  36. Porto, P., D.E.Walling and A. Capra. 2014. Using 137Cs and 210Pbex measurements and conventional surveys to investigate the relative contributions of interrill/rill and gully erosion to soil loss from a small cultivated catchment in Sicily. Soil and Tillage Research. 135: 18-27.
  37. Putyrskaya, V., E. Klemt, S. Röllin, J.A. Corcho-Alvarado, and H. Sahli. 2020. Dating of recent sediments from Lago Maggiore and Lago di Lugano (Switzerland/Italy) using 137Cs and 210 Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 212: 106135.
  38. Rahimi, M.R., S. Ayoubi, and M.R. Abdi. 2013. Magnetic susceptibility and Cs-137 inventory variability as influenced by land use change and slope positions in a hilly, semiarid region of west-central Iran. Journal Applied Geophysics. 89: 68–75.
  39. Ritchie, J.C. and C.A. Ritchie. 2007. Bibliography of publications of 137Cs studies related to erosion and sediment deposition. http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs. htm?docid=15237.
  40. Schuller, P., A., Iroume´, D.E., Walling, B., Mancilla, A. Castillo, and R.E. Trumper. 2006. Use of beryllium-7 to document soil redistribution following forest harvest operations. Journal of Environmental Quality. 35: 1756–1763.
  41. Sepulveda, A., P. Schuller, D.E. Walling, and A. Castillo. 2008. Use of 7Be to document soil erosion associated with a short period of extreme rainfall. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 99 (1): 35–49.
  42. Su, Z., T. Zhou, X. Zhang, X. Wang, Wang, M. Zhou, J. Zhang, Z. He and R. Zhang. 2021. A Preliminary Study of the Impacts of Shelter Forest on Soil Erosion in Cultivated Land: Evidence from integrated 137Cs and 210Pbex Measurements. Soil and Tillage Research. 206: 104843.
  43. Velasco, H., R. Torres Astorgaa, D. Joseph, J.S. Antoineb, L. Mabitd, A. Tolozad, G. Dercond and E. Wallinge. 2018. Adapting the Caesium-137 technique to document soil redistribution rates associated with traditional cultivation practices in Haiti. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity.183: 7–16.
  44. Wallbrink, P.J., D.E. Walling, and Q. He. 2002. Radionuclide measurements using HpGe gamma spectrometry. In: Zapata, F. (Ed.), Handbook for the Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Using Environmental Radionuclides. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 67–96.
  45. Walling, D.E. 2002. Recent advances in the use of environmental radionuclides in soil erosion investigations. IAEA C&S Papers Series 11/C. In: Nuclear Techniques in Integrated Plant Nutrient, Water and Soil Management. IAEA, Vienna, pp. 279–301.
  46. Walling, D.E. 2012. Fallout Radionuclides and the Study of Erosion and Sedimentation. P: 3705-3768. In R.A. Meyers (ed). Springer, New York, NY.
  47. Walling, D.E. and Q. He. 1997. Use of fallout 137Cs in investigations of overbank sediment deposition on river floodplains. Catena. 29: 263–282.
  48. Walling, D.E. and Q. He. 1999a. Improved models for estimating soil erosion rates from 137Cs measurements. Journal of Environmental Quality. 28: 611–622.
  49. Walling, D.E. and Q. He. 1999b. Using fallout Lead-210 measurements to estimate soil erosion in cultivated land. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 63: 1404–1412.
  50. Walling, D.E., A.L. Collins, P.A. Jones, G.J.L. Leeks, and G. Old. 2006. Establishing finegrained sediment budgets for the Pang and Lambourn LOCAR catchments, UK. Journal of Hydrology. 330 (1–2): 126–141.
  51. Walling, D.E., Q. He, and P.G. Appleby. 2002. Conversion models for use in soil-erosion, soil-redistribution and sedimentation investigations. In: Zapata, F. (Ed.), Handbook for the Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation using Environmental Radionuclides. Kluwer Ac. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 111–164 (Chapter 7).
  52. Walling, D.E., Q. He, and W. Blake. 1999. Use of 7Be and 137Cs measurements to document short-and medium-term rates of water-induced soil erosion on agricultural land. Water Resources Research. 35 (12): 3865–3874.
  53. Wilson, C., G. Matisoff, and P. Whiting. 2003. Short-term erosion rates from a 7Be inventory balance. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 28: 967–977.
  54. Zapata, F. 2002. Handbook for the Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation using Environmental Radionuclides. Kluwer Ac. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 219 p.
  55. Zhang, X.C., V.O. Polyakov, B.Y. Liu and M.A. Nearing. 2019. Quantifying geostatistical properties of 137Cs and 210Pbex at small scales for improving sampling design and soil erosion estimation. Geoderma. 334: 155-164.
Land Management Journal
Volume 9, Issue 2
February 2022
Pages 275-290

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics