ترویجی
Ghorban VahabzadahKbriya
Abstract
Tourism as an underlying economic activity is nowadays considered to be a vital part of the socio-economic programs in every nation. Thanks to its low investment requirements and high potential for job creation, it is more important than other economic sectors, especially in developing countries. Geotourism, ...
Read More
Tourism as an underlying economic activity is nowadays considered to be a vital part of the socio-economic programs in every nation. Thanks to its low investment requirements and high potential for job creation, it is more important than other economic sectors, especially in developing countries. Geotourism, defined as tourist attractions of geological and geomorphological phenomena in watersheds, offers a great potential for the tourism economy. The development of nature-based tourism serves a variety of functions for local communities and watershed residents that involve appropriate solutions to problems of livelihood and unemployment in such communities. In most cases, this socio-economic potential for land management in watersheds has been ignored, thereby failing to consider this valuable national wealth and natural heritage in the Iranian watersheds as a component of sustainable development. Indeed, recognition of the potential of geotourism realized in the form of geoparks in watersheds that enjoy a vast geological diversity can play a key role in land management in these areas. Once established, geoparks will embody the historical and cultural heritage of watersheds and will enhance the potential development of geotourism. Thus, economic or social justice in watersheds will be achieved through participation of local communities and stakeholders who market their local products including handicrafts as well as rangeland and forest products. These prospects will ultimately help land use planning and integrated watershed management in these areas. Geotourism is a new approach in watershed management from asocio-economic point of view which unfortunately despite UNESCOs emphasis has not been sufficiently considered by watershed experts. In this paper, the role of geotourism and geoparks on land use planning of watershed, tourism development as well as life and livelihood of watershed residents and socio-economic issues is investigated.
ترویجی
Mahdi Ghamghami; Javad Pirvali Beiranvand; Ebrahim Moghiseh
Abstract
Adopting novel policies in the agricultural sector as the largest consumer of water should undeniably lead to increased water use efficiency and reduced water loss. New technologies including nuclear techniques can be of great help in improving irrigation management through optimized water use efficiency. ...
Read More
Adopting novel policies in the agricultural sector as the largest consumer of water should undeniably lead to increased water use efficiency and reduced water loss. New technologies including nuclear techniques can be of great help in improving irrigation management through optimized water use efficiency. Study has shown that instrumental monitoring of soil moisture and biomass can be exploited to determine the required irrigation timing and volume. In this regard, such nuclear tools as neutron meter and cosmic ray neutron sensor (CRNS) as novel technologies, installed on farms either in spot installations or in networks, are capable of estimating soil moisture through detecting hydrogen within soil H2O molecules and decelerated neutrons. It has been confirmed that these technologies are beneficially effective in scheduling irrigation by predicting the incidence of imminent moisture stress and, thereby, determining proper irrigation timing, which will evidently enhance both water use efficiency and crop yield. This article provides an overview of the development and application of nuclear and isotopic techniques (NITs) in irrigation management and introduces methods of NITs tool calibration.
ترویجی
Aazam Poorniakan; Kumars Zarafshani; shahpar Geravandi
Abstract
Property conflicts and legal disputes over land ownership constitute one of the most complex issues in the field of agriculture. Adopting a qualitative approach, the present study reviews the literature and field research findings on property conflicts and legal disputes following the Land Reform of ...
Read More
Property conflicts and legal disputes over land ownership constitute one of the most complex issues in the field of agriculture. Adopting a qualitative approach, the present study reviews the literature and field research findings on property conflicts and legal disputes following the Land Reform of 1962 in Mahidasht over the past 60 years. Document analysis and field research evidence from the documents over the period 1885 to 1962 show that landlord system was transformed into the current peasant system as a result of the agrarian reform in 1962 that served as the first transformation in land ownership structure. This subsequently led to conflicts and disputes over fragmented farmlands, and dispersion of even and uneven agricultural lands of different degrees of , fertility. In the meantime, the peasant system failed to meet the farmer’s household needs. In other words, the social changes due to the land reform led to economic changes and the consequent changes in the cultural life of the farmers. The documents in Mahidasht revealed that most of the property ownership documents had been issued during the years 1966-71 and that many of these were conclusive and official. Interviews with 25 local elder farmers further revealed that property conflicts and disputes had arisen after the land reform of 1962 and the subsequent sharing out of the inherited lands. The most important measure found to reduce property conflicts is to register land rights and to implement the Cadastral system.
ترویجی
abolfazl azadi; JAMAL BANINEME; S.Alireza Seyed Jalali
Abstract
Land evaluation and production potential modeling are essential for determining environmental production limitations and proper cultivation planning. It is the aim of the present study to estimate production potential using different regression models and to evaluate quantitatively land suitability for ...
Read More
Land evaluation and production potential modeling are essential for determining environmental production limitations and proper cultivation planning. It is the aim of the present study to estimate production potential using different regression models and to evaluate quantitatively land suitability for wheat cultivation in some calcareous soils south of Behbahan. To achieve these goals, semi-detailed soil studies of Sardasht region were performed to extract soil data for land evaluation. For qualitative assessment, the Sys Table and the square root parametric method were employed to define climatic and topographic specifications as well as soil conditions as the adaptability criteria for plant growth while unit yield and potential production were used as measures of quantitative assessment. Radiative thermal potential of wheat production, mean land production potential as determined by the square root method, and mean farmer production were measured to be 7121, 3885, and 3255 kg.ha-1 respectively, so that management level in most farms was categorized as intermediate (S2) while only 5% of the land farms were classified as non-suitable (N). It was concluded that the current decline in crop performance in some land units could be attributed to such limiting factors as lime, texture, salinity, and alkalinity. Production potential modeling by the standard and stepwise regression methods revealed coefficients of determination equal to 0.84 and 0.82 and standard errors (ME) of 0.52 and 0.59, respectively. This is while coefficients of determination calculated via the second- and third-degree estimation curve methods for linear modeling were 0.90, 0.91, and 0.92 with the corresponding standard errors of 0.51, 0.50, and 0.50, respectively. The third-degree estimation curve method that draws upon the FAO growth model to predict crop performance, therefore, seems to outperform the standard and stepwise regression models that only takes into account the effects of land characteristics and the observed performance. Thus, the proposed methods were found effectively capable of identifying production limitations of the lands in the study area for use in the optimal management and production potential modeling of wheat as a strategic crop in the region.
ترویجی
Masoumeh Rahimi Dehcheraghi; hossein Arzani; Hossein Azarnivand; Mohammad Jafari; Mohammad Ali Zare Chahooki
Abstract
Tourism within traditional rangeland organization systems is a neglected service of such natural resources. The present study explores the criteria and indices affecting the suitability of rangeland areas with special attention paid to the capabilities of traditional rangeland organizations. As a case ...
Read More
Tourism within traditional rangeland organization systems is a neglected service of such natural resources. The present study explores the criteria and indices affecting the suitability of rangeland areas with special attention paid to the capabilities of traditional rangeland organizations. As a case study, the tourism activities of Lar Absar rangeland in Mazandaran Province are examined over the period 2019-2020. The findings are expected to raise awareness of, and draw more attention to, the potential attractions of the local traditional rangeland organization, thereby encouraging rangeland owners to direct more efforts toward the development of tourism within their rangeland territories. The attractions of the local rangeland organization have not yet been duly considered in the definitions of rangeland tourism indicators and criteria. Focusing on these aspects, the current study provides a review of research findings reported elsewhere, carries out field observations, and conducts interviews with rangeland owners and tourists to open new horizons in and to draft new guidelines for rangeland tourism. The results show that the proposed guidelines duly account for the present infrastructure, environmental and ecological issues, and the socio-economic aspects of the study area and are practically effective for tourism development in Lar Absar rangeland system.
ترویجی
Fereydun Nourgholipour; Sanaz Tohidlu; Alireza Jafarnejadi; yones mohammad nejad; kamran mirzashahi; jalal ghaderi; Mohammad Hossein Arzanesh; Mohammad Passandideh; ahmad bybordi; Nosratolah Montajabi; Mokhtar Zolfi Bavariani; Payman Keshavarz; Mohsen Seilsepour; Anvar Asadi; parvin izadi; shadi Sedighi; naser davatgar; alireza mohajer; masoud dadivar; mashalah hoseini
Abstract
A national project was carried out in 10 provinces in order to compare the fertilization method of farmers with the integrated method of soil fertility recommendation for canola plants. The experiment included 54 farms in the provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran, Khuzestan (Dezful), Khuzestan (Ahvaz), Ardabil ...
Read More
A national project was carried out in 10 provinces in order to compare the fertilization method of farmers with the integrated method of soil fertility recommendation for canola plants. The experiment included 54 farms in the provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran, Khuzestan (Dezful), Khuzestan (Ahvaz), Ardabil (Maghan), East Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Bushehr, Khorasan Razavi, Kermanshah, Fars and Varamin regions. These areas consisted of a wide range of canola cultivation regions, climatic conditions and a different range of soil characteristics. In a part of selected fields, fertilization was recommended based on the soil test (optimal use of fertilizers) and in the other half of the fields, application was according to the traditional method of the farmer in the region. At the end of the growth stage, the seed yield of treatments was compared in each province and in each region. According to the results, phosphorus had the highest percentage of deficiency in the soil of the fields, and among the micro nutrients, the highest deficiency was related to the zinc element. On average, the increase in grain yield of first year was 600 kg ha-1 or 24%, compared to the conventional treatment. In the second year, the increase in grain yield was 784 kg ha-1 or 27.4%. For the average of two years, the amount of 692 kg ha-1 or 25.7% increase in grain yield was obtained. The benefit to cost ratio of different regions depended on the characteristics of the soil and the amount of used fertilizers. The highest value of this ratio was obtained from the region of Neishabur (26.52) and Darab (22.31. The lowest was obtained from Bushehr (0.28). The results showed that the consumption of fertilizers with considering the time, quantity, source and method of application will improve the yield of canola in all regions.
ترویجی
Mahnaz Eskandari; ali zeinadini; naser navidi; behzad minaei
Abstract
Land use priority assessment is the principal basis of land use planning and management. It is a kind of decision-making with several criteria that sometimes contradict each other. This is why multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods have in recent years found wide applications in solving land suitability ...
Read More
Land use priority assessment is the principal basis of land use planning and management. It is a kind of decision-making with several criteria that sometimes contradict each other. This is why multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods have in recent years found wide applications in solving land suitability assessment problems. The objective of this study was to introduce the Best-Worst Method (BWM) and its application in determining the suitability of land for agricultural crop production. Furthermore, the results obtained were compared with those reported in previous studies that had employed the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as the most widely used multi-criteria decision-making method. For this purpose, soil profile samples were taken from 12 orchards under date cultivation in Jahrom region, Fars Province and subjected to the necessary physicochemical analyses to identify the soil properties affecting crop yield. Once the soil and yield data matrices had been prepared, the BWM and AHP methods were used to determine the weight of each criterion. Land suitability index was subsequently obtained for each garden as the sum of the products of the standardized value of each soil property by its weight. The indices thus obtained were compared with the corresponding actual crop yield to determine the performance of the models employed. Although the results indicated almost identical index values from both methods, the evaluation criteria of minimum violation, total deviation, and conformity revealed more consistent BWM judgments. It was finally concluded that BWM could be recommended as a more reliable and efficient method for solving multi-criteria decision-making problems as required in land use management owing to its varied advantages such as the need for fewer pairwise comparisons compared to other matrix-based MCDM methods like AHP, more consistent and compatible weights ultimately derived in the decision-making problem, the possibility for its application simultaneously with other methods, the use of integers in comparisons, and ease of application.
ترویجی
Abbas Shahdi Kumleh; SeyedReza Seyedi; Maryam Foroughi
Abstract
Organic manures, as suitable alternatives to chemical fertilizers, supply plant nutrients and contribute to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. It is the objective of this study to investigate the effects of applying organic fertilizers of different sources and levels on paddy soil chemical ...
Read More
Organic manures, as suitable alternatives to chemical fertilizers, supply plant nutrients and contribute to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. It is the objective of this study to investigate the effects of applying organic fertilizers of different sources and levels on paddy soil chemical properties. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran at Rasht during the two farming years of 2018 and 2019. The experimental variables included poultry (2.5, 5, and 10 t/ha), cow (5, 10, and 20 t/ha), and sheep (10, 20 and 40 t/ha) manures. The results obtained revealed that, compared to the control treatment, application of 40 t/ha of sheep manure led to an increase of 0.41 dS/m in EC and enhancements of 0.14% and 3% in N and OC, respectively, while application of 20 t/ha of cow manure increased available P and K in soil by 8.6 and 173.2 mg/kg, respectively. Also, application of 20 t/ha of cow manure led to the highest grain nitrogen of 48.6 kg/ha, phosphorus uptake of 33.1 kg/ha, and straw potassium uptake of 78 kg/ha in the Gilaneh variety while the Hashemi variety exhibited its highest grain nitrogen of 44.9 kg/ha, phosphorus uptake of 29.6 kg/ha), and straw potassium of 75.9 kg/ha under the same treatment. Thus, application of 20 t/ha of cow manure may be recommended as a superior treatment for it showed soil fertility improvement and paddy yield compensation of 80% in the Hashemi and Gilaneh rice varieties when compared with the treatment using chemical fertilizers.
ترویجی
Mohammad Ali Javaheri; Hamid Najafinezhad; Mehdi Nadi
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L) is an expensive and highly valuable plant recognized globally for its many medicinal properties and low water demand. Hence, the development of saffron farms in semiarid regions has received much attention as it increases water use efficiency (WUE) in such water-deficient areas. ...
Read More
Saffron (Crocus sativus L) is an expensive and highly valuable plant recognized globally for its many medicinal properties and low water demand. Hence, the development of saffron farms in semiarid regions has received much attention as it increases water use efficiency (WUE) in such water-deficient areas. Considering the different factors involved in saffron growth and yield, the geographical information system (GIS) is the best and most cost-effective method to identify areas potentially favorable to saffron cultivation. The current study aimed at zoning the land area favorable to saffron cultivation in Kerman Province was conducted over the period 2017-2019. The required daily data were collected from 13 synoptic stations recorded during the years 1998 to 2016, which were subjected to the homogeneity test before the relevant GIS information layers including altitude, slope, frost, rainfall, absolute maximum and minimum temperatures, and probability of temperatures below 5º Celsius in November were prepared. Subsequently, the relevant variograms were drawn. Also, the slope map was extracted using the digital elevation model. Finally, weights were assigned to the above layers using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, and the final zoning map was prepared in ArcMap. The map thus prepared revealed that the southern and eastern stretches of the province were not suitable for saffron cultivation while the more favorable areas were located at the foothills in Baft, Bardsir, Zarand, and Shahrbabak towns. Moreover, Kahnuj, Manojan, southern parts of Jiroft, eastern stretches of Bam, and southern stretches of Baft, accounting for around 59% of the total provincial land area, were recognized as unfavorable to saffron cultivation. The remaining lands of the total provincial area were classified as follows: 15% relatively suitable, 16% suitable, and about 10% highly suitable for saffron cultivation.