مروری بر کاربرد نانو مواد در اصلاح خاک‌ها

نوع مقاله : فنی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

خاک از منابع اصلی تولیدات کشاورزی محسوب می‌شود. لذا، حفظ سلامتی و حاصلخیزی آن برای تولید پایدار غذا اهمیت زیادی دارد. میزان عناصر غذایی و رطوبت موجود در خاک باید در حد مطلوب بوده و میزان مواد آلاینده موجود در آن به حداقل ممکن کاهش یابد. در این راستا، فناوری نانو می­تواند به بهبود ویژگی‌های خاک کمک نماید. از کاربردهای فناوری نانو در علوم خاک می‌توان به کاربرد اصلاح‌گرهای نانو در بهبود بهره ­وری عملیات زراعی و تهویه خاک، استفاده از نانوزئولیت­های متخلخل برای رهاسازی آرام و مؤثر عناصر غذایی موجود در کودهای شیمیایی، به­ کارگیری نانوهیدروژل­ها برای افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب در خاک و کاهش مصرف آب آبیاری، استفاده از نانوذرات برای حذف آلاینده‌های موجود در خاک و غیره اشاره کرد. با این حال، مصرف زیاد نانوذرات در خاک ممکن است ریزجانداران خاکزی را مسموم نماید. بی‌شک با بهره­گیری از مزیت‌های فناوری نانو به‌عنوان یک فناوری پیشرفته نوظهور در بخش کشاورزی، می­توان به نتایج مطلوبی از جمله تضمین امنیت غذایی و توسعه کشاورزی پایدار و سازگار با محیط زیست در کشورهای در حال توسعه جهان دست یافت.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Applications of Nanomaterials in Soil Remediation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masomeh Mahdizadeh 1
  • Nosratollah Najafi 2
1 Ph.D Student, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Soil forms the main source of agricultural production; hence, preserving its health and fertility plays an important role in sustainable food production. This warrants maintaining adequate soil nutrients and moisture and minimizing its pollutant load. Nanotechnology might be exploited to achieve these goals toward improved soil properties. Applications of nanotechnology in soil science might include the uses  of such materials as nanomodifiers to improve the efficiency of agronomic operations and soil aeration, porous nanozeolites for the slow and effective release of nutrients present in chemical fertilizers, nanohydrogels to increase soil water retention capacity and reduce irrigation water, and nanoparticles to remove contaminants from the soil. However, excessive use of nanomaterials might have toxic effects on soil microorganisms. It follows that sound and proper utilization of nanotechnology as an emerging technology might lead to such beneficial outcomes as food security and development of environment-friendly and sustainable agriculture in developing countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soil
  • Nanotechnology Nanobiochar
  • Nanosensor
  • Nanoclay

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 6، شماره 1
شهریور 1397
صفحه 31-48

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