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داوران

نقش باکتری آزوسپیریلوم بر عملکرد گندم در یک خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : فنی ترویجی

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان

چکیده

باکتری آزوسپیریلوم با تولید مواد محرک رشد سهم بسزایی در افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی دارد. اما تفاوت های زیادی بین جدایه­هاوجود دارد که این امر باعث تفاوت در اثر بخشی آنها می­گردد. در این تحقیق ابتدا جدایه­ها بر اساس ویژگی های مرفولوژیکی و خصوصیات محرک رشدی مانند میزان تثبیت نیتروزن ، حلالیت فسفر نامحلول، تولید اکسین و سیدروفور ، سیانید هیدروژن(HCN) و آنزیم ACC-deaminas  مقایسه شدند. در ادامه تاثیر پنج جدایه با ویژگی های تحریک کنندگی رشد بیشتر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم رقم مروارید مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار باکتریایی شامل پنج جدایه آزوسپیریلومی و یک تیمار شاهد( بدون تلقیح باکتری) با چهار تکرار در ایستگاه عراقی محله مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان که در گروه برزگTorriorthents اجرا گردید. نتایج تلقیح بذور با جدایه­های منتخب نشان دادند که تاثیر جدایه­های مختلف باکتری آزوسپیریلوم بر اجزای عملکرد گندم مانند طول خوشه ، طول پدانکل( ساقه زیر خوشه) ، تعداد دانه در خوشه ، تعداد خوشه در متر مربع ، وزن هزاردانه ، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد کاه وکلش از نظر آماری و در سطح یک درصد با تیمار شاهد اختلاف معنی­داری داشت که این امر منجر به افزایش به ترتیب 91/14، 68/47،94/25، 97/24، 82/6، 42/20، 78/37 درصدی نسبت به تیمار شاهد بدون تلقیح شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Azospirillum to enhance wheat yield in calcareous soils

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Arzanesh

Department of Soil and Water Research, Golestan Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources

چکیده [English]

Azospirillum plays a significant role in the quantitative and qualitative enhancement of cropyield. Its isolates, however, exhibit extreme differences as reflected in their impacts on crop yield. In this study, isolates of Azospirillum were initially compared with respect to their morphological traits and such growth promoting characteristics as nitrogen fixation; solubility of insoluble phosphorus; and their auxin, sidrophore, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ACC-deaminas enzymeproduction. Furthermore, five isolates characterized by superior growth promoting characteristicswere investigated for their effects on yield and its components in wheat Morvarid cultivar. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 6 bacterial treatments including five Azospirillum isolates and one control treatment (without bacterial inoculation) with 4 replicates at Iraqimahaleh Station, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, where the soil is classified in the large Torriorthents Group. Results of seed inoculation in selected isolates showed that the impacts of different Azospirillumisolates on wheat yield components such as panicle length, peduncle length, number of seeds per panicle, number of panicles per square meter, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, and straw yield were statistically significant at 1% confidence level, as evidenced by increases of 14.91, 47.94, 25.98, 24.97, 82.86, 20.42, and 37.88%, respectively, in the above traits of Mordavid cultivar relative to those of the control with no inoculation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Effectiveness
  • Biofertilizer
  • Cereals
  • Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria
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شهریور 1397
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