معرفی کاربرد رادیونوکلوئید‌ پلوتونیوم در تحقیقات فرسایش خاک

نوع مقاله : فنی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

2 عضو هیأت علمی بازنشسته سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

4 کارشناس ارشد پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

فرسایش خاک تهدیدی جدی برای زندگی بشر می­باشد. از این­رو استفاده از روش­های مناسب جهت ارزیابی میزان فرسایش و رسوبگذاری و همین طور اجرای برنامه­های حفاظت خاک امری ضروری است. از رادیونوکلوئیدهای ریزشی از قبیل بریلیم-7 (Be7)، سرب-210 (Pb210) و سزیم-137 (Cs137) به عنوان ردیاب برای ارزیابی میزان جابجایی خاک در مطالعات مختلف استفاده شده است. در این مقاله، کارایی ایزوتوپ­های پلوتونیوم- 240+239 (Pu240+239) به عنوان یک ردیاب جدید جهت ارزیابی میزان فرسایش و رسوبگذاری بررسی شده است. ایزوتوپ­های پلوتونیوم عمدتاً در نتیجه فعالیت­های هسته­ای شامل آزمایش­ها و انفجار سلاح­های اتمی به محیط وارد می­شوند و از میان آن­ها ایزوتوپ­های Pu240+239 دارای مزایایی از جمله نیمه عمر بالا، قابل دسترس بودن در محیط، دقت مناسب روش­های اندازه­گیری و یکنواخت بودن مقدار آن­ها در نقاط مرجع، می­باشند. تاریخچه استفاده از پلوتونیوم به عنوان ردیاب جابجایی خاک به سال 1978 بر می­گردد و تا به امروز تعداد اندکی مطالعه کاربردی در این مورد انجام شده است. بنابراین قابلیت استفاده به عنوان یک ردیاب مفید و قابل اطمینان جهت ارزیابی میزان جابجایی خاک در مقایسه با دیگر تکنیک­های موجود را دارا می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Plutonium Radionuclide in Soil Erosion Research

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morad Mirzai 1
  • Mohammad Hassan Roozitalab 2
  • Hossein Asadi 3
  • Rayehe Mirkhani 4
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tehran University
3 Associate Prof. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tehran University
4 2- M.Sc, Nuclear Agriculture School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Soil erosion is a serious threat to human life. This calls not only for appropriate methods of assessing soil erosion and sedimentation levels but also for the implementation of soil conservation practices. Fallout radionuclides (FRN) such as beryllium-7 (7Be), lead-210 (210Pbex), and cesium-137 (137Cs) have been used as soil redistribution tracers in various studies. The present review aims to investigate the suitability of plutonium 239+240 (239 + 240Pu) radioisotopes as a new tracers for the assessment of soil redistribution rates. Plutonium isotopes are present in the environment mainly due to nuclear activities including nuclear weapon tests and nuclear power plants (NPP). Among them, the 239+240Pu isotopes offer such advantages as long half-lives, availability, relatively easier determination using highly sensitive techniques, and uniformity of their values at reference sites. Application of plutonium isotopes as soil redistribution tracers was first investigated in 1978.However, relatively few practical attempts have been eversince made to exploit the full potential of Pu isotopes as efficient and reliable tools for soil redistribution assessment compared to other existing techniques.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil redistribution
  • Sedimentation
  • Isotope
  • Tracer

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 7، شماره 1
مرداد 1398
صفحه 15-26

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