نوع مقاله : فنی ترویجی

نویسنده

گروه حشره شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان ، تاکستان، ایران

چکیده

حشرات فراوانترین موجودات زنده­ی مرتبط با گیاهان و خاک می­باشند. پرورش انبوه آنها برای تامین بخشی از نیاز غذایی طیور و آبزیان، دسترسی به نوع جدیدی از کودهای آلی یعنی فضولات آنها را فراهم ساخته است. ترکیبات شیمیایی فضولات حشرات (مقدار مناسب نیتروژن آلی، کربن محلول، عناصرکم مصرف و پایین بودن نسبت کربن به نیتروژن) و خواص فیزیکی آنها (دانه­بندی ریز و ساختار لایه لایه) موجب شده تا امکان بکارگیری آنها برای بهبود وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک و توسعه­ی محصولات ارگانیک، بیش از گذشته مورد توجه قرار گیرد. فضولات حشرات علاوه بر آنکه غنی از مواد غذایی مورد نیاز گیاهان هستند، دارای میکرو ارگانیسم­های مفیدی مانند برخی گونه­های باکترهای جنس باسیلوس و سودوموناس بوده و تنها منبع در دسترس کیتین برای گیاهان نیز می­باشند. کیتین می­تواند مقاومت گیاهان به تنش­های زنده (حشرات و نماتدها) و غیرزنده (خشکی و شوری) را بهبود بخشد. در حال حاضر بیشتر مطالعات بر استفاده از فضولات دو حشره­ی صنعتی، مگس سرباز سیاه (Hermetia illucens) و سوسک زرد آرد (Tenebrio molitor) متمرکز شده است. نتایج بررسی­های انجام شده نشان می­دهد تیمار خاک مزارع با فضولات این دو حشره به مقدار10-5 تن در هکتار می­تواند عملکرد کمی و کیفی چندین گیاه زراعی مهم مانند کلزا، جو، چاودار، ذرت و چغندر قند را افزایش دهد. با توجه به گسترش روز افزون پرورش حشرات صنعتی در کشور لزوم تسریع در استاندارد­سازی و تهیه­ی شیوه نامه­های بکارگیری آنها بیش از گذشته احساس می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Feasibility of Using Insect Frass to Improve Soil Fertility

نویسنده [English]

  • Abbas Arbab

Department o Entomology

چکیده [English]

Insects are the most abundant organisms associated with plants and soil. Mass rearing of insects to supply animal feed has provided access to insect frass as a new source of organic fertilizer. The chemical composition of insect frass (i.e., proper amounts of organic nitrogen, soluble carbon, and nutritional elements as well as a low carbon to nitrogen ratio) and its physical properties (fine size and layered structure) have given rise to an increasing interest in their potential use for enhancing soil fertility and developing novel organic products. In addition to its being a rich source of plant nutrients, insect frass not only contains beneficial microorganisms such as some species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria but is also the only source of chitin available top plants to improve their resistance to biotic (insects and nematodes) and abiotic (drought and salinity) stresses. Current studies in the field are focused on the two industrial insects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). The results have shown that application of 5-10 tons of frass from these two insects per hectare of farm soil increases the yield, both in quantity and quality, in such important crops as rapeseed, barley, rye grass, corn, and sugar beet. Given the nationwide rise in the mass rearing of industrial insects, it is instructive to accelerate the development of appropriate methods and standards for their application as a fertilizer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Insect frass
  • Soil fertility
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Biofertilizer
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