مروری بر منابع ورودی میکروپلاستیک به خاک و اثرات آن بر سلامت خاک

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

تولید و استفاده انبوه از محصولات پلاستیکی راحتی را برای مردم به ارمغان می‌آورد و در عین حال منجر به تجمع آلاینده‌های پلاستیکی در محیط می‌شود، به‌طوری‌که آلودگی میکروپلاستیک و خطرات زیست‌محیطی مرتبط اخیراً به یک نگرانی جهانی تبدیل شده است. میکروپلاستیک­‌ها عموماً به‌عنوان ذرات پلاستیکی با اندازه کمتر از پنج میلی‌متر تعریف می‌شوند. ازآنجایی‌که سالانه مقادیر زیادی ضایعات پلاستیکی در محیط رها می‌شود، میکروپلاستیک‌ها در حال حاضر به‌طور گسترده در محیط‌های مختلف، مانند اقیانوس‌ها، آب‌های شیرین، درون بدن حیوانات آبزی، خاک و لجن شناسایی می‌شوند. مطالعه میکروپلاستیک‌ها در خاک از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است، زیرا خاک‌ها مخزن مهمی برای میکروپلاستیک‌ها هستند و طیف وسیعی از خدمات اکوسیستمی را ارائه می‌دهند که برای زندگی ضروری هستند. منابع متعدد میکروپلاستیک در خاک شناسایی شده است. در حال حاضر، منابع شناخته شده میکروپلاستیک‌ها عبارتند از کمپوست، لجن فاضلاب، آبیاری، مالچ پلاستیک، ریختن زباله و ته­نشست اتمسفری. برهمکنش ویژگی­های مختلف میکروپلاستیک‌ها (وسعت ورود میکروپلاستیک‌ها به محیط، اندازه ذرات و نوع ترکیبات ساختاری میکروپلاستیک‌ها) و عوامل محیطی، انتقال و ماندگاری میکروپلاستیک‌ها در خاک را کنترل می‌کند. در سیستم خاک، پلاستیک می‌تواند برهمکنش بین ذرات، آب، ترکیبات شیمیایی و موجودات زنده را تغییر دهد و بر خصوصیات مختلف اگرواکوسیستم‌ها تأثیرگذار باشد. در این مطالعه، مروری بر تحقیقات صورت گرفته در جهان و ایران در مورد منابع ورودی میکروپلاستیک در خاک و اثرات و خطرات آن بر سلامت خاک و انسان پرداخته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sources of Microplastics in Soil and Their Adverse Effects on Soil: A Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shno Karimi 1
  • Zahra Kolahchi 2
1 PhD student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu -Ali Sina University, Hamedan.
چکیده [English]

Although plastic products nowadays widely mass-produced bring convenience to people, they definitely cause plastic pollutants to accumulate in the environment. Microplastics are generally defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size. Large amounts of such wastes are annually released and dumped into the environment so that they are now widely detected in open oceans, freshwater, marine organisms, soil, and sewage sludge, among others. Pollution with microplastics and the associated environmental hazards are nowadays a major global concern, with soil pollution with microplastics being of special importance because soils provide a wide range of ecosystem services essential for life while they house most of the microplastic waste released into the environment. A wide array of sources has been identified for soil pollution with these materials including composts, sewage sludge, irrigation, plastic mulch, littering, and atmospheric deposits. The transport and persistence of microplastics in soil are governed by the interaction effects of microplastic properties (namely, the extent of their swarm into the environment, particle size, and type of their constituent compounds) and environmental factors. Moreover, plastic materials present in soil can change the interactions among soil particles, water, chemical compounds, and living organisms to alter the different characteristics of agro-ecosystems. To shed more light on these issues, the present article provides a review of the research projects performed, both at the national and international levels, on the sources of microplastics in soil and their detrimental impacts on soil and human beings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pollution
  • Microplastics
  • Environmental factors
  • Ecosystem

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 11، شماره 2
دی 1402
صفحه 249-263

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