نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
4 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
حدود 80 درصد اراضی کشاورزی جهان بهصورت دیم کشت میشوند و این اراضی نزدیک به60 درصد نیاز غذایی بشر را تأمین میکنند. با توجه به پراکنش نامناسب بارش در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، جلوگیری از شور شدن خاک و آب این اراضی بسیار ضروری است. اراضی دیم یکی از مهمترین منابع برای تولید در بخش کشاورزی بهویژه در شرایط کنونی است که توسعه اراضی آبی با محدودیت روبهرو باشد. یکی از محدودیتهای مهم که میتواند در توسعه و استفاده از این اراضی مؤثر باشد، شوری خاک است که افزون بر محدودیتهای دیگر (کمبود رطوبت و ...)، میتواند باعث کاهش تولید در این اراضی شود. بهمنظور آگاهی از وضعیت شوری اراضی دیم کشور، در یک پژوهش ملی تعداد 849 پایگاه مطالعاتی انتخاب و نمونههای خاک از اعماق مختلف تهیه و افزون بر هدایت الکتریکی، برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن‌ها نیز اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین مقدار شوری در اراضی دیم با کاربری زراعی (عمق 30-0 سانتیمتر) بهترتیب برابر 97/5 و 0/19 دسیزیمنس بر متر است. میانگین شوری خاک سطحی این اراضی (عمق 30-0 سانتیمتر) برابر 2/28 دسیزیمنس بر متر بوده و بیش از 50 درصد خاکهای این اراضی دارای شوری بیش از 0/6 دسیزیمنس بر متر بودند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل مؤلفه اصلی نشان داد تغییرپذیری شوری خاک در اراضی دیم، تحت تأثیر ویژگیهای اقلیمی (مثل دما و بارش و سایر شاخصهای منتج شده از این دو عامل شامل شاخصهای بارش استانداردشده و خشک‌سالی مؤثر) و همچنین ویژگیهای خاک (کربن آلی، رس و مقادیر املاح محلول بهویژه سدیم) بودند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Survey of Soil Salinity in Iran's Drylands
نویسندگان [English]
- Saeed Saadat 1
- Leila Esmaeelnejad 2
- Hamed Rezaei 3
- Rasoul Mirkhani 4
1 Associate Prof.; Soil and Water Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization; Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof.; Soil and Water Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization; Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Prof.; Soil and Water Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization; Tehran,
4 Assistant Prof.; Soil and Water Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran; Iran
چکیده [English]
About 80 percent of the world's agricultural lands, supplying nearly 60 percent of all human food, is under rain-fed cultivation. Considering the uneven distribution of global rainfall, arid and semi-arid areas call for measures to prevent soil and water salinization. Being one of the most important resources for agricultural production, especially in the face of the current restrictions on the development of irrigated lands, drylands are especially stressed by soil salinity as an important limitation on dry farming, which causes decreased production especially when combined with other limitations such as lack of moisture. In order to gain an enlightened knowledge of the salinity status of rain-fed lands in Iran, a research project of national-scale including 849 study sites was performed and soil samples were collected from different depths across the study sites to determine their Electrical Conductivity (EC) as well as soil physical and chemical characteristics. The results showed that the highest and lowest salinity levels of the surface soil (depths of 0-30 cm) in rain-fed lands under cultivation were 97.5 and 0.19 dS/m, respectively, with an average value of 2.28 dS/m while more than 50% of the soils collected exhibited salinity levels greater than 0.6 dS/m. The results of principal component analysis showed that the variability of soil salinity in rain-fed lands were affected by climatic parameters (such as temperature and precipitation as well as indices resulting from their interactions including standardized precipitation indices and effective drought). Moreover, soil characteristics such as organic carbon, clay, and soluble salt (especially sodium) contents were found to have due effects on salinity level.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Climate
- Dissolved solutes
- Monitoring
- Organic carbon
- Sodium
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