تأثیر مدیریت تلفیقی تغذیه گیاهی بر برخی صفات کمی گندم دیم در شرایط مزرعه-ای

نوع مقاله : ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد، مدیریت هماهنگی ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

مدیریت بهینه حاصلخیزی خاک، یکی از عوامل مهم بهبود تولید کمی و کیفی گندم دیم محسوب می­گردد. این پروژه تحقیقی-ترویجی به‌منظور ترویج یافته‌های تحقیقاتی مذکور در دیم­زارهای استان‌ آذربایجان غربی در سال زراعی 01-1400 به مدت یک سال اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 1) استفاده از مایه تلقیح قارچ‌های میکوریزا به‌صورت بذر مال قبل از کشت + برگ پاشی گلایسین بتائین (توصیه یافته تحقیقاتی) و 2) شاهد (عرف زارع: مصرف کود بر مبنای نقطه نظرات کشاورز) بودند. مایه تلقیح قارچ‌های اندومیکوریزا شامل ترکیبی از سه گونه Funneliformis mosseae ،  Rhizaphagus irregularis و Claroideoglomus etunicatum به میزان دو درصد (دو کیلوگرم مایه تلقیح به ازای صدکیلوگرم بذر)  و برگ پاشی گلایسین بتائین با غلظت 100 میلی مولار (معادل 11/71 گرم در لیتر)  در مراحل تولید اولین گره ساقه (کد 31 زادوکس) و مرحله نمو آبستنی (کد 49 زادوکس) بود. نتایج حاصله در استان آذربایجان غربی نشان داد که در تیمار توصیه یافته تحقیقاتی، عملکرد دانه به میزان 355 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت (P≤0.05). صفات شاخص برداشت، تعداد خوشه در مترمربع و وزن هزار دانه نیز در این تیمار نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب به میزان 5/13 درصد، 18/10 درصد و 11/44 درصد افزایش یافتند (P≤0.05). در تیمار توصیه یافته تحقیقاتی، جذب عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، منیزیم و روی نیز نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌طور معنی­داری افزایش یافتند (P≤0.05). به‌طورکلی، چنین نتیجه­گیری می­شود که کاربرد مایه تلقیح قارچ‌های میکوریزا به همراه محلول‌پاشی شاخسارای گلایسین بتائین می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک‌راهکار مناسب برای افزایش عملکرد دانه و بهبود کیفیت محصول گندم تحت شرایط مشابه این آزمایش در نظر گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of integrated plant nutrient management on some quantitative traits of rainfed wheat under field conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aziz Majidi 1
  • Ramin Hamidi Khasraghi 2
1 Associate Prof.; Department of Soil Science, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.
2 M.Sc., Agricultural Extension Coordination Management, Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of West Azerbaijan, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Optimized soil fertility management is a most important paramneter contributing to improved quality and quantity of rainfed wheat production. Meanwhile, sustainable agricultural production is most crucial for development programs in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The present research-extension project was implemented to apply and promote previously reported research findings (RF) in the rainfed fields of West Azerbaijan Province in the crop season of 2021-2022. For this purpose, the following two experimental treatments were designed and implemented: 1) seed surface application of AMF inoculum prior to cultivation + foliar spray of glycine betaine (as recommended in previous study) and 2) control treatment (application of fertilizers according to local farmer practices). The AMF inoculum consisted of a combination of the three species of Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Rhizaphagus irregularis at a rate of 2% (i.e., 2 kg of inoculum/100 kg of seeds) and GB foliar applications at a concentration of 100 mM (equivalent to 11.71 g/ L), all applied in the two wheat growth stages; namely, the first stem node (code 31 Zadox) and the developmental stage of pregnancy (code 49 Zadox). The results showed that the RF treatment increased grain yield by 355 kg/ha compared to the control (P≤0.05). The characteristics of the harvest index, the number of spikes/m2, and the weight of 1000 seeds also increased by 5.13%, 18.10%, and 11.44% respectively, compared to those of the control (P≤0.05). Also, in the RF treatment, the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) nutrients exhibited significant increases when compared with those in the control (P≤0.05). It was concluded that inoculation with AMF in combination with GB foliar application could be a sustainable approach to increase yield and to improve wheat crop quality under the conditions similar to those of the present experiment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Baran variety
  • Crop yield
  • Drought stress
  • Optimum fertilization

مراجع

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 12، شماره 2
اسفند 1403
صفحه 209-218

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