تأثیر بیوچار و فسفر بر برخی خصوصیات زراعی گیاه کلزا و کارایی مصرف آب در یک خاک لوم قلیایی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر برهمکنش کود فسفر و بیوچار حاصل از کاه ‌گندم پیرولیز شده در دمای 300 درجه سلسیوس بر برخی خصوصیات زراعی و مورفولوژیکی گیاه کلزا (Brassica napus L.) رقم هایولا 308 در یک خاک لوم قلیایی در شرایط گلخانه­ای انجام شد. این آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل ماده‌ آلی در پنج سطح (صفر، 20 و 40 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک از دو منبع کاه گندم و بیوچار حاصل از آن) و فسفر در سه سطح (صفر، 20 و 40 میلی­گرم فسفر بر کیلوگرم خاک از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل) بودند. قبل از برداشت گیاهان شاخص کلروفیل و سطح برگ اندازه­گیری شدند. بعد از برداشت گیاه نیز ماده خشک شاخساره، ریشه و دانه، کارایی مصرف آب، ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، حجم ریشه، تعداد غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، مقدار روغن دانه، غلظت و مقدار پروتیئن دانه اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف بیوچار (در هر دو سطح دو و چهار درصد) و فسفر شاخص‌ کلروفیل برگ، ارتفاع گیاه، ماده خشک شاخساره، ریشه و دانه، تعداد غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، کارایی مصرف آب، مقدار پروتئین و روغن دانه را نسبت به شاهد به­طور معناداری افزایش داد، امّا مصرف کاه گندم سبب کاهش این خصوصیات به­جزء کارایی مصرف آب شد. تبدیل کاه گندم به بیوچار پیرولیز شده در دمای 300 درجه سلسیوس و مصرف آن در یک خاک لوم قلیایی نسبت به کاه گندم باعث بهبود خصوصیات رشد و مورفولوژیکی گیاه کلزا شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of biochar and phosphorus on some agronomical traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and the associated water use efficiency in an alkaline loam soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheil Salimi Trazoj 1
  • Adel Reyhanitabar 2
  • Nosratollah Najafi 2
1 MSc Student of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The effects of the combined application of biochar pyrolysed at 300 ˚C and phosphorous (P) fertilizer on some agronomical and morphological traits of the Hyola 308 cultivar of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as well as the associated water use efficiency were studied in an alkaline loam soil. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The factors were organic matter with two sources (biochar and wheat straw) at three levels (0, 20, and 40 g kg-1) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 as triple superphosphate fertilizer). Prior to harvesting, leaf chlorophyll index and leaf area were measured while  shoot, root, and seed dry matter as well as water use efficiency, plant height, stem diameter, root volume, number of pods, one-thousand seed weight, seed oil content, and seed protein concentration were measured after the harvest.  The results showed that application of phosphorus and both levels (2% and 4% of biochar significantly increased leaf chlorophyll index, stem height, number of pods, one-thousand seed weight, water use efficiency, protein and seed oil contents as well as shoot, root, and seed dry matter contents compared to the control; application of wheat straw, however, led to decreases in these traits except for water use efficiency. Moreover, compared to the initial biomass, the biochar obtained from wheat straw pyrolyzed at 300 ◦C in an alkaline loam soil improved rapeseed agronomical and morphological traits in an alkaline loam soil.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Phosphorus fertilizer
  • Rapeseed
  • Wheat straw

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 13، شماره 1
مرداد 1404
صفحه 17-42

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