تأثیر استفاده درازمدت آب‌های شور با نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم کمتر از یک بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک و ترکیب یونی درختان پسته بارور استان یزد

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

2 دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی یزد، یزد، ایران.‏

4 کارشناس معاونت آب و خاک، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی یزد، یزد، ایران.‏

چکیده

اگرچه نقش کلسیم و منیزیم در ساختار و فرآیندهای سلولی برای رشد ‌و‌ نمو گیاه ضروری شناخته شده، ولی عملکرد متفاوت آن‌ها در محلول خاک باعث شده تا نسبت این دو عنصر از پارامترهای مهم ارزیابی کیفیت آب آبیاری و عصاره اشباع خاک محسوب ‌شود. در این راستا تحقیقی در 15 باغ پسته بارور در استان یزد به منظور بررسی اثرات مصرف آب‌های آبیاری با Ca/Mg<1 بر مشخصات شیمیایی خاک و هم‌چنین جذب و توزیع این دو عنصر در گیاه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد سدیم، کلسیم و منیزیم اصلی‌ترین کاتیون‌های بوجود آورنده شوری در نمونه‌های آب و خاک مورد بررسی بوده و تغییرات شوری در عمق‌های خاک به شوری آب آبیاری بستگی داشت. هم‌چنین علیرغم وجود مقادیر زیاد آهک در خاک، نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم خاک همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با نسبت این دو عنصر در آب آبیاری داشت، ولی بین هدایت الکتریکی عصاره اشباع خاک و نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم در محلول خاک و هم‌چنین بین هدایت الکتریکی آب آبیاری و نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم آن روند مشخصی مشاهده نشد. تجزیه نمونه‌های برگ و ریشه درختان باغات مورد بررسی نشان داد که میزان کلسیم در تمامی نمونه‌ها کمتر از حد بهینه پیشنهادی کلسیم در برگ پسته بود. بر خلاف کلسیم، میانگین غلظت منیزیم در برگ گیاه بیشتر از ریشه بود. همچنین بین میزان کلسیم و منیزیم در ریشه پسته رابطه عکس وجود داشت. افزایش میزان‌ منیزیم و کلسیم خاک به ترتیب باعث افزایش منیزیم برگ و کلسیم ریشه گیاه گردید. پس علیرغم آهکی بودن خاک‌های مورد بررسی مدیریت تغذیه‌ای کلسیم و یا اصلاح خاک از نظر نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم عصاره اشباع، در باغات پسته تحت آبیاری با منابع آب دارای نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم کوچکتر از یک توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Long-term Use of Saline Irrigation Water with Ca/Mg<1 on Soil Chemical Properties and Ionic Composition of Fertile Pistachio Trees in Yazd Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Dehghani 1
  • Gholamhassan Ranjbar 2
  • Monireh Abooei 3
  • Abolfazl Dehghani 4
1 Assistant prof., Faculty member, National Salinity Research Center (NSRC), Agricultural Research, Education ‎and Extension ‎Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran‎‏.‏‎
2 Associate Prof., Faculty member, National Salinity Research Center (NSRC), Agricultural Research, Education ‎and Extension ‎Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran‎‏.‏‎‎
3 Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Education ‎and Extension ‎Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran.
4 Yazd Province Agricultural Jahad Organization ‎, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Calcium and magnesium are essential nutrients for plant growth due to their critical roles in cellular structure and physiological processes. They, however, exhibit different performances in soil solution, which turns Ca/Mg ratio into a key parameter for evaluating irrigation water quality and saturated soil extracts. In this study, the impacts of irrigation water with a calcium-to-magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio of less than 1 were investigated on 15 fertile pistachio orchards to evaluate soil chemical properties as well as the uptake and distribution of these elements within plants. Results revealed that sodium, calcium, and magnesium served as dominant cations contributing to salinity in the water and soil samples examined. Moreover, variations in soil salinity at different depths were found to be directly associated with irrigation water salinity. Despite the presence of large amounts of lime in the soils tested, a positive correlation was observed between Ca/Mg ratios in both soil and irrigation water; however, no consistent relationship was identified between electrical conductivity (EC) of saturated soil extracts and Ca/Mg ratio of soil solutions, nor between electrical conductivity and Ca/Mg ratios of irrigation water. Leaf and root sample examinations demonstrated that, unlike magnesium concentrations, those of calcium were below the optimal threshold levels for pistachio leaves in all the cases tested. Indeed, leaves exhibited higher magnesium concentrations than did the roots. Additionally, an inverse relationship was identified between calcium and magnesium levels in pistachio roots. Moreover, increases in soil magnesium and calcium levels were observed to enhance leaf magnesium and root calcium, respectively. Foliar application of calcium-based fertilizers and soil amendment may be recommended for pistachio orchards with Ca/Mg<1 in the irrigation water applied

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaluation
  • Ionic Ratio
  • Saline water
  • Salinity

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 13، شماره 2
دی 1404
صفحه 161-174

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