نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسنده
محقق بخش مدیریت آب در مزرعه، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
With increasing limitations on water and energy resources and the need to develop sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, optimal management of water use and agricultural inputs in quinoa production has gained special importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of optimal input management on the sustainability of quinoa cultivation, with a focus on energy use efficiency (EUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and the environmental impact index (EII). This research was conducted under lysimetric conditions with controlled input management. System input energy included energy derived from fuel, water, electricity, fertilizers and pesticides, seed, and labor, while output energy was calculated based on the energy content of quinoa grain yield. Energy use efficiency, water use efficiency, and the environmental impact index were calculated using standard equations.
The results showed that optimal input management in quinoa cultivation led to a significant reduction in input energy and environmental impact index, along with an increase in energy use efficiency and water use efficiency. Specifically, total input energy was 20,209.8 MJ ha⁻¹, while output energy from the harvested product was estimated at 49,406.7 MJ ha⁻¹, resulting in an energy use efficiency (EUE) of 2.44. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated as 0.81 kg m⁻³, indicating effective water utilization throughout the growing season. The environmental impact index (EII), with a value of 2,821.6 kg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹, also reflected a considerable reduction in environmental impacts.
The obtained values of these indices highlight the decisive role of irrigation management and input consumption in enhancing the sustainability of quinoa production. Sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that system sustainability is most sensitive to changes in water use efficiency and energy use efficiency, emphasizing the importance of precise management of these two components in cropping systems of arid and semi-arid regions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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