مدیریت اراضی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

فرم تعارض منافع

دستورالعمل ارجاعدهی

راهنمای نگارش مقاله

فرم تعهدنامه

عضویت و راهنمای Publons

داوران

مروری بر اثرات کاربرد بیوچار بر خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک

نوع مقاله : فنی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

2 استاد خاکشناسی، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

3 استاد خاکشناسی، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، کرج، ایران

چکیده

فعالیت­های انسانی در زمینه های مختلف کشاورزی و صنعتی موجب افزایش روز افزون ضایعات می گردد. دفع و تخلیه نامناسب این ضایعات در محیط باعث ایجاد عوارض نامطلوبی برای محیط زیست می گردد. استفاده مناسب و کاربردی از این ضایعات موجب کاهش فشار بر محیط زیست خواهد شد. بیوچار ماده کربنی است که از گرمادهی بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات در محیط حاوی اکسیژن محدود یا بدون اکسیژن به دست می­آید. تجزیه گرمایی زیست توده در محیط فاقد اکسیژن را گرماکافت می نامند. بیوچار پایداری بالایی داشته و به منظور مدیریت ضایعات، کاهش تغییرات اقلیمی، تولید انرژی و بهبود خصوصیات خاک تولید می­شود. خصوصیات منحصر به فرد بیوچار آن را به عنوان گزینه مناسبی برای مصرف در خاک مطرح ساخته است. بیوچار خصوصیات مختلف فیزیکی (از جمله ساختمان خاک، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، هدایت هیدرولیکی)، شیمیایی (pH، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، میزان مواد آلی) و زیستی خاک (فعالیت میکروبی، تنوع میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیمی، جمعیت میکروبی) را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و موجب بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک می­شود. بیوچار با تأمین بخشی از عناصر مورد نیاز گیاه موجب افزایش عملکرد گیاه می گردد. مصرف بیوچار در اغلب موارد باعث بهبود خصوصیات خاک شده است، هرچند در مواردی نیز آثار منفی آن مشاهده گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of Biochar Effects on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • allahyar khadem 1
  • F R 2
  • H B 3

1 PhD Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

2 Professor of Soil Science, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

3 Professor of Soil Science, Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

 
Human agricultural and industrial activities have led to the increasing production of wastes with adverse effects onthe environmentdue to their improper disposal. One solution to reduce pressure on the environment isto plan for appropriate uses of waste materials. Biochar is a carbonaceous material producedin a process called ‘Pyrolysis’ which involves incomplete combustion of biomass and wastes in mediawith no or limited supply of oxygen. Biocharenjoyslong-term persistence in soil and the process is mainly used for waste management, climate change mitigation, energy production, and soil amelioration. Theunique properties of biocharmake it especially useful for soil application as it contributes to soil amelioration. It is capable ofaffectingsuch soil physical properties as soil structure, bulk density, and hydraulic conductivity, or such soil chemical properties as pH, cation and anion exchange capacity, and organic content while it alsoimprovessuch soil biological properties as microbial population, activity, and diversity as well asenzyme activity,all of which ultimately lead toenhanced plant yield. Although most reports have focused on the useful effects of biocharon soil, some have also investigated its negative effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • biochar
  • pyrolysis
  • soil properties
  • Plant yield
مراجع
  1. بهشتی م، علیخانی ح، متشرع زاده ب و محمدی ل (1395) تغییرات کیفیت بیوچار تولید شده از کود گاوی در طی فرایند پیرولیز آهسته در دماهای مختلف. مجله تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران، شمارۀ 1: 764- 759.
  2. حجازی زاده ا، غلامی زاده آهنگر ا، قربانی م (1395) تأثیر بیوچار بر جذب سرب و کادمیم لجن فاضلاب کارخانه های کاغذ توسط آفتابگردان (Heliantus Annus L.). نشریه دانش آب و خاک، جلد 26، شماره 2/1: 271-259.
  3. خادم ا، رئیسی ف و بشارتی ح (1395 الف). تاثیر بیوچار ذرت بر قابلیت دسترسی عناصر غذایی در خاک های آهکی. دومین کنگره ملی توسعه و ترویج مهندسی کشاورزی و علوم خاک ایران. خرداد 1395، تهران.
  4. خادم ا، رئیسی ف و بشارتی ح (1395 ب). تأثیر دمای گرماکافت بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی بیوچار ذرت و تصاعد دی اکسید کربن از خاک. دومین کنگره ملی توسعه و ترویج مهندسی کشاورزی و علوم خاک ایران. خرداد 1395، تهران.
  5. دیوبند هفشجانی ل، ناصری ع، هوشمند ع، عباسی ف و سلطانی محمدی ا (1396) بررسی تأثیر بیوچار باگاس نیشکر بر خصوصیات شیمیایی یک خاک لوم شنی. مجله علوم و مهندسی آبیاری، جلد 40، شماره 1: 72-63.
  6. زلفی باوریانی م، رونقی ع، کریمیان ن، قاسمی و و یثربی ج (1395) اثر بیوچار تهیه شده از کود مرغی در دماهای متفاوت بر ویژگیهای شیمیایی یک خاک آهکی. نشریه علوم آب و خاک.، جلد 20،  شماره 75: 84-73.
  7. طلوعی داراب ع (1395) فعالیت آنزیم­های اوره­آز و فسفاتازهای اسیدی و قلیایی در خاک و بیوچار در کشت گلدانی ذرت تحت تنش کم­آبی. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، 87 صفحه.
  8. عظیم زاده ی و نجفی ن (1395) اثر بیوچار بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک.  نشریه مدیریت اراضی. جلد 4، شماره 2: 173-161.
  9. نجفی قیری م (1394) تأثیر کاربرد بیوچارهای مختلف بر برخی ویژگی های خاک و قابلیت جذب بعضی از عناصر غذایی در یک خاک آهکی. نشریه پژوهش­های خاک. جلد 29،  شماره 3: 358-351.

10.              Amonette J. and Joseph S. 2009. Characteristics of biochar: Microchemical properties. In: Lehmann J. and Joseph S. Biochar for environmental management. Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, pp. 33–52.

11.              Anderson C.R. Condron L.M. Clough T.J. Fiers M. Stewart A. Hill R.A. and Sherlock R.R. 2011. Biochar induced soil microbial community change: Implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Pedobiologia 54: 309– 320.

12.              Aston S. Doerr S. and Perrott A.S. 2013. The impacts of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type on biochar properties and the effects of biochar application on the properties of sandy loam. Geophysical Research Abstracts.

13.              Baldock J.A. and Smernik R.J. 2002. Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinus resinosa (Red Pine) wood. Organic Geochemistry 33:1093-1109.

14.              Bamminger C. Marschner B. and Juschke E. 2014. An incubation study on the stability and biological effects of pyrogenic and hydrothermal biochar in two soils. European Journal of Soil Science 65:72–82.

15.              Brownsort P.A. 2009. Biomass pyrolysis processes: performance parameters and their influence on biochar system benefits. Master of Science Thesis. University of Edinburgh, UK.

16.              Burns R.G. DeForest J.L. Marxsen J. Sinsabaugh R.L. Stromberger M.E.  Wallenstein M.D. Weintraub M.N. and Zoppini A. 2013. Soil enzymes in a changing environment: current knowledge and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 58:216-234.

17.              Caldwell B.A. 2005. Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: a review. Pedobiologia 49:637–644.

18.              Carter S. Shackley S. Sohi S. Suy T.B. and Haefele S. 2013. The impact of biochar application on soil properties and plant growth of pot grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Agronomy 3:404–418.

19.              Chan K.Y. Van Zwieten L. Meszaros I. Downie A. and Joseph S. 2007. Assessing the agronomic values of contrasting char materials on Australian hardsetting soil. In: Proceedings of the Conference of the International Agrichar Initiative, Terrigal, NSW, Australia.

20.              Cui L. Yan J. Yang Y. Li L. Quan G. Ding C. Chen T. Fu Q. and Chang A. 2013. Biochar for heavy metals in soil. Bioresources 8:5536–5548.

21.              Cummer K.R. and Brown R.C. 2002. Ancillary equipment for biomass gasification. Biomass and Bioenergy 23:113-128. 

22.              Dempster D.N. Gleeson D.B. Solaiman Z.M. Jones D.L. and Murphy D.V. 2012. Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil. Plant and Soil 354:311–324.

23.              Devi P. and Saroha A.K. 2013. Effect of temperature on biochar properties during paper mill sludge pyrolysis. International Journal of Chemtech Research 5:682–687.

24.              Dume B. Berecha G. and Tulu S. 2015. Characterization of biochar produced at different temperatures and its effect on acidic Nitosol of Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Soil Science 10:63-73.

25.              Eastman C.M. 2011. Soil physical characteristics of an acric ochraqualf amended with biochar. Master of Science Thesis. Ohio State University, USA.

26.              Elzobair K.A. Stromberger M.E. Ippolito J.A. Lentz R.D. 2016. Contrasting effects of biochar versus manure on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in an Aridisol. Chemosphere 142:145-152.

27.              Fang Y. Singh B. singh B.P. and Krull E. 2014. Biochar carbon stability in four contrasting soils. European Journal of Soil Science 65:60–71.

28.              Farrell M. Kuhn T.K. Macdonald L.M. Maddern T.M. Murphy D.V. Hall P.A. Singh B.P. Baumann K. Krull E.S. and Baldock J.A. 2013. Microbial utilisation of biochar derived carbon. Science of the Total Environment 465:288–297.

29.              Galvez A. Siniccoa T. Cayuelac M.L. Mingoranceb M.D. Fornasiera F. and Mondinia C. 2012. Short term effects of bioenergy byproducts on soil C and N dynamics, nutrient availability and biochemical properties. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 160:3– 14.

30.              Glaser B. Lehmann J. and Zech W. 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal- a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils35:219–230.

31.              Gundale M.J. and DeLuca T.H. 2006. Temperature and substrate influence the chemical properties of charcoal in the Ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management 231:86–93.

32.              Herath H.M. Arbestain M.C. and Hedley M. 2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma 209-210:188–197.

33.              Kanyaporn C. Kiatsiriroat T. Vorayos N. and Thararax C. 2012. Biochar production from freshwater algae by slow pyrolysis. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 6:186–195.

34.              Karami N. Clemente R. Jimenez E.M. Lepp N.W. and Beesley L. 2011. Efficiency of green waste compost and biochar soil amendments for reducing lead and copper mobility and uptake to ryegrass. Journal of Hazardous Materials 191:41–48.

35.              Krull E.S. Baldock J.A. Skjemstad J.O. and Smernik R.J. 2009. Characteristics of biochar: Organochemical properties. In: Lehmann J. and Joseph S. (Eds). Biochar for environmental management. Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, pp. 53–66. 

36.              Laird D.A. Fleming P.D. Karlen D.L. Wang B. and Horton R. 2010. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158:436–442.

37.              Laird D.A. Rogovska N.P. Garcia-Perez M. Collins H.P. Streubel J.D. and Smith M. 2010. Pyrolysis and biochar opportunities for distributed production and soil quality enhancement. In: Braun R. Karlen D. and Johnson D. Sustainable alternative fuel feedstock opportunities, challenges and roadmaps for six U. S. regions. Proceedings of the Sustainable Feedstocks for Advance Biofuels Workshop, pp. 257–281.

38.              Lammirato C. Miltner A. and Kaestner M. 2011. Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus Niger. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43:1936–1942.

39.              Lehmann J. and Joseph S. 2009. Biochar for environmental management- an introduction. In: Lehmann J. and Joseph S. (Eds). Biochar for environmental management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, pp. 1–11.

40.              Lehmann J. Da Silva J.P. Steiner C. Nehls T. Zech W. and Glaser B. 2003. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological anthrosol and a ferralsol of the central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil 249:343–357.

41.              Lehmann J. Rillig M.C. Thies J. Masiello C.A. Hockaday W.C. and Crowley D. 2011. Biochar effects on soil biota- a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43:1812–1836.

42.              Liang B. Lehmann J. Solomon D. Kinyangi J. Grossman J. O’Neill B. Skjemstad J.O. Theis J. Luizao F.J. Peterson J. and Neves E.G. 2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 70:1719–1730.

43.              Mahtab A. Rajapaksha A.U. Lim J.E. Zhang M. Bolan N. Mohan D. Vithanage M. Lee S.S. and Ok Y.S. 2014. Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water- a review. Chemosphere 99:19–33.

44.              Major J. Rondon M. Molina D. Riha S.J. and Lehmann J. 2010. Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol. Plant and Soil 333:117–128.

45.              Masto R.E. Ansari M.A. George J. Selvi V.A. and Ram L.C. 2013 a. Coapplication of biochar and lignite fly ash on soil nutrients and biological parameters at different crop growth stages of Zea mays. Ecological Engineering 58:314– 322.

46.              Masto R.E. Kumar S. Rout T.K. Sarkar P. George J. and Ram L.C. 2013 b. Biochar from water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and its impact on soil biological activity. Catena 111:64–71.

47.              Mohan D. Pittman C.U. and Steele P.H. 2006. Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass: A critical review. Energy and Fuels 20:848-889.

48.              Mullen C.A., Boateng A.A. Goldberg N. Lima I.M. Laird D.A. and Hicks K.B. 2010. Bio-oil and biochar production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34:67-74.

49.              Mukherjee A. Lal R. and Zimmerman A.R. 2014. Effects of biochar and other amendments on the physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions of an artificially degraded soil. Science of the Total Environment 487:26–36.

50.              Nigussie A. Endalkachew K. Mastawesha M. and Gebermedihin A. 2012. Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of Lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science 12:369–376.

51.              Novak J.M. Busscher W.J. Laird D.L. Ahmedna M. Watts D.W. and Niandou M.A.S. 2009. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a Southeastern coastal Plain soil. Soil Science 174:105–112.

52.              Oleszczuk P. Josko I. Futa B. Patkowska S.P. Pałys E. and Kraska P. 2014. Effect of pesticides on microorganisms, enzymatic activity and plant in biochar amended soil. Geoderma 214–215:10–18.

53.              Ouyang L. Wang F. Tang J. Yu L. and Zhang R. 2013. Effects of biochar amendment on soil aggregates and hydraulic properties. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 13:991–1002.

54.              Paz-Ferreiro J. Fu S. Mendez A. and Gasco G. 2014. Interactive effects of biochar and the earthworm (Pontoscolex corethrurus) on plant productivity and soil enzyme activities. Journal of Soils and Sediments 14:483–494.

55.              Paz-Ferreiro J. Gasco G. Gutiérrez B. and Mendez A. 2012. Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme ctivities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48:511–517.

56.              Rajkovich S. Enders A. and Hanley K. 2012. Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48:271–284.

57.              Rodriguez M. 2010. Biochar as a strategy for sustainable land management, poverty reduction and climate change mitigation/adaptation. Master of Science Thesis.  University of Amsterdam, Nederland.

58.              Rutigliano F.A. Romano M. Marzaioli R. Baglivo I. Baronti S. Miglietta F. and Castaldi S. 2014.  Effect of biochar addition on soil microbial community in a wheat crop. European Journal of Soil Biology 60:9–15.

59.              Salem M. Kohler J. Wurst S. and Rillig M.C. 2013. Earthworms can modify effects of hydrochar on growth of Plantago lanceolata and performance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Pedobiologia 56:219–224.

60.              Shinogi Y. and Kanri Y. 2003. Pyrolysis of plant, animal and human waste: physical and chemical characterization of the pyrolytic products. Bioresource Technology 90: 241–247.

61.              Singh B.P. Hatton B.J. Singh B. Cowie A.L. 2010. The role of biochar in reducing nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen leaching from soil. 19th World congress of soil science, soil solutions for a changing world, Brisbane, Australia, 1–6 Aug 2010.

62.              Smith J.L. Collins H.P. and Bailey V.L. 2010. The effect of young biochar on soil respiration. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42:2345–2347.

63.              Steinbeiss S. Gleixner G. and Antonietti M. 2009. Effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon balance and soil microbial activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41:1301–1310.

64.              Steiner C. Melear N. Harris K. and Das K.C. 2011. Biochar as bulking agent for poultry litter composting. Carbon Management 2:227–230.

65.              Thies J.E. and Rillig M.C. 2009. Characteristics of biochar: biological properties. In: Lehmann J. and Joseph S. (Eds). Biochar for environmental management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, London. pp. 85–106.

66.              Tood Revell K. 2011. The effect of fast pyrolysis biochar made from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth. Master of Science Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA.

67.              Van Zwieten L. Kimber S. Morris S. Chan Y.K. Downie A. Rust J. Josepp S. and Cowie A. 2010. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of paper mill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil 37:235–246.

68.              Verheijen F. Jeffery S. Bastos A.C. Van Der Velde M. and Diafas I. 2010. Biochar application to soils: a critical scientific review of effects on soil properties processes and functions. Joint Research Centre Scientific and Technical Reports.

69.              Warnock D.D. Mummeya D.L. McBride B. Major J. Lehmann J. and Rillig M.C. 2010. Influences of nonherbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils: results from growth chamber and field experiments. Applied Soil Ecology 46:450–456.

70.              Watzinger A. Feichtmair S. Kitzler B. Zehetner F. Kloss S. Wimmer B. Boltenstern S.Z. and Soja G. 2014. Soil microbial communities responded to biochar application in temperate soils and slowly metabolized 13C-labelled biochar as revealed by 13C PLFA analysis: results from a short term incubation and pot experiment. European Journal of Soil Science 65: 40–51.

71.              Winsley P. 2007. Biochar and bioenergy production for climate change mitigation. New Zealand Science Review64:5-10.

72.              Wu F. Jia Z. Wang S.S. Chang X. and Startse A. 2013. Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 49:555–565.

73.              Yanai Y. Toyota K. Okazaki M. 2007 Effects of charcoal addition on N2O emissions from soil resulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 53:181–188.

74.              Yang H. and Sheng K. 2012. Characterization of biochar properties affected by different pyrolysis temperatures using visible near infrared spectroscopy. International Scholarly Research Network Spectroscopy.

75.              Zhang A. Liu Y. Pan G. Hussain Q. Li L. Zheng J. and Zhang X. 2012. Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil from central China plain. Plant and Soil 351:263–275.

76.              Zimmerman A.R. Gao B. and Ahn M.Y. 2011. Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar amended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43:1169–1179.

مدیریت اراضی
دوره 5، شماره 1
شهریور 1396
صفحه 13-30
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار