بررسی نقش اسیدهای آلی با وزن مولکولی کم در فراهمی عناصر غذایی کم‌مصرف در خاک

نوع مقاله : فنی ترویجی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

فراهمی عناصر غذایی کم­مصرف در خاک و جذب آن­ها توسط گیاهان به ویژگی­های خاک (مانند مواد آلی، کربنات کلسیم و pH) و برهمکنش­های بین ریشه­های گیاه و ریزجانداران خاک بستگی دارد. زیست­فراهمی عناصر کم­مصرف آهن (Fe)، منگنز (Mn)، مس (Cu) و روی (Zn) در خاک­های آهکی مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک به­دلیل کمبود مواد آلی، pH بالا و رسوب توسط کربنات­ها، اندک می­باشد. یکی از محدودیت­های عمده تغذیه گیاهان در خاک­های آهکی، زیست­فراهمی اندک عناصر غذایی کم­مصرف می­باشد. نتایج مطالعات نشان داده که در شرایط کمبود عناصر غذایی، اسیدهای آلی با وزن مولکولی کم مانند اسید سیتریک، اسید اگزالیک و اسید مالیک توسط ریشه گیاهان آزاد شده و سبب افزایش حلالیت عناصر کم­مصرف می­شوند. اسیدهای آلی ترشح شده در ریزوسفر گیاهان، در افزایش تحرک و زیست­فراهمی عناصر غذایی کم­مصرف در خاک و به­دنبال آن افزایش جذب آن­ها توسط گیاهان موثر شناخته شده­اند. افزون بر این، اسیدهای آلی با وزن مولکولی کم در سمیت زدایی فلزات سنگین و بهبود فعالیت میکروبی خاک موثر هستند. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تاثیر اسیدهای آلی با وزن مولکولی کم در افزایش زیست­فراهمی عناصر کم­مصرف شامل آهن، منگنز، مس و روی می­پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Micronutrient Bioavailability in Soil

نویسنده [English]

  • Neda Moradi
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Bioavailability of micronutrients in soils and their uptake by plants depend on soil properties (e.g., pH and carbonate content) and the interactions between plant roots and soil microorganisms. The low bioavailability of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), as a major factor limiting plant nutrition, in calcareous soils is due to the low organic content, high pH levels, and precipitation by carbonates in such soils. Study has shown that, under nutrient deficiency conditions, plant roots release low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA) such as citric, oxalic, and malic acids to increase the solubility of micronutrients like Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the rhizosphere. The LMWOAs exuded into the rhizosphere are known to enhance the mobility and bioavailability of such micronutrients and their uptake by plants. In addition, LMWOAs are involved in metal detoxification and improvement of microbial activity in soils. The present study investigates the role LMWOAs play in the bioavailability of such micronutrients as Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Root exudates
  • Solubility
  • Calcareous soil
  • Micronutrients
  • Rhizosphere

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 8، شماره 1
خرداد 1399
صفحه 83-95

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