نوع مقاله : فنی ترویجی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
چکیده
فراهمی عناصر غذایی کممصرف در خاک و جذب آنها توسط گیاهان به ویژگیهای خاک (مانند مواد آلی، کربنات کلسیم و pH) و برهمکنشهای بین ریشههای گیاه و ریزجانداران خاک بستگی دارد. زیستفراهمی عناصر کممصرف آهن (Fe)، منگنز (Mn)، مس (Cu) و روی (Zn) در خاکهای آهکی مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک بهدلیل کمبود مواد آلی، pH بالا و رسوب توسط کربناتها، اندک میباشد. یکی از محدودیتهای عمده تغذیه گیاهان در خاکهای آهکی، زیستفراهمی اندک عناصر غذایی کممصرف میباشد. نتایج مطالعات نشان داده که در شرایط کمبود عناصر غذایی، اسیدهای آلی با وزن مولکولی کم مانند اسید سیتریک، اسید اگزالیک و اسید مالیک توسط ریشه گیاهان آزاد شده و سبب افزایش حلالیت عناصر کممصرف میشوند. اسیدهای آلی ترشح شده در ریزوسفر گیاهان، در افزایش تحرک و زیستفراهمی عناصر غذایی کممصرف در خاک و بهدنبال آن افزایش جذب آنها توسط گیاهان موثر شناخته شدهاند. افزون بر این، اسیدهای آلی با وزن مولکولی کم در سمیت زدایی فلزات سنگین و بهبود فعالیت میکروبی خاک موثر هستند. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تاثیر اسیدهای آلی با وزن مولکولی کم در افزایش زیستفراهمی عناصر کممصرف شامل آهن، منگنز، مس و روی میپردازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Role of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Micronutrient Bioavailability in Soil
نویسنده [English]
- Neda Moradi
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Bioavailability of micronutrients in soils and their uptake by plants depend on soil properties (e.g., pH and carbonate content) and the interactions between plant roots and soil microorganisms. The low bioavailability of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), as a major factor limiting plant nutrition, in calcareous soils is due to the low organic content, high pH levels, and precipitation by carbonates in such soils. Study has shown that, under nutrient deficiency conditions, plant roots release low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA) such as citric, oxalic, and malic acids to increase the solubility of micronutrients like Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the rhizosphere. The LMWOAs exuded into the rhizosphere are known to enhance the mobility and bioavailability of such micronutrients and their uptake by plants. In addition, LMWOAs are involved in metal detoxification and improvement of microbial activity in soils. The present study investigates the role LMWOAs play in the bioavailability of such micronutrients as Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Root exudates
- Solubility
- Calcareous soil
- Micronutrients
- Rhizosphere
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