تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی تهدیدی برای امنیت غذایی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 رییس بخش تحقیقات ارزیابی اراضی , 1. دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 محقق، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار ، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار ، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران؛

6 محقق، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی یکی از چالش­های مهم در ارتباط با تولید محصولات کشاورزی و امنیت غذایی محسوب می­شود. که نتیجه آن از دست رفتن خاک و به خطر افتادن امنیت غذایی است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی چالش‌های مرتبط با اراضی حاصلخیز کشاورزی ایران صورت گرفت که تهدید کاربری اراضی کشاورزی را در ابعاد مختلف مورد بررسی قرار داده است. در ادامه با مروری بر قوانین تغییر کاربری اراضی در کشورهای مختلف و بررسی قوانین موجود در کشور ایران، سیاست‌های کلی مرتبط با صیانت از اراضی کشاورزی مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته است. بررسی­ها نشان داد که هر کشور مجموعه قوانینی را برای حفاظت از اراضی کشاورزی تدوین کرده است. ارزیابی قوانین کاربری اراضی در ایران نشان می­دهد که علی­رغم وجود قوانین مرتبط، اجرای آن‌ها بسیار ضعیف بوده و دلایل اجتماعی و تاریخی تغییر کاربری اراضی نیز در کنار عدم پایبندی جامعه  به قانون در این مورد اثرگذار بوده است. نتایج ارزیابی تغییرات زمانی رشد و توسعه کلان­شهرها نشان داد که وسعت محدوده شهری در مراکز استان­های مختلف گسترش زیادی داشته که موجب از بین رفتن اراضی حاصلخیز کشاورزی در محدوده این شهرها شده است. آمار پنج‌ساله تقاضای تغییر کاربری اراضی به تفکیک استان­ها نیز بیانگر تمایل مالکان به تغییر کاربری اراضی برای سودآوری بیشتر بوده که نتیجه آن از بین رفتن خاک‌های حاصلخیز، کاهش تولیدات کشاورزی و به خطر افتادن امنیت غذایی کشور است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in Agricultural Land Use as a Threat to Food Security

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mirnaser Navidi 1
  • Hadi Asadi Rahmani 2
  • Mansour Chatrenour 3
  • Rasoul Kharazmi 4
  • Mohammad Jamshidi 5
  • Alireza Ziaee Javid 3
  • Zahra MohamadEsmaeil 6
  • fatemeh ebrahimi meymand 3
1 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Researcher, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant prof. at Soil and Water research institute
5 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
6 Researcher, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Al land use changes pose a most serious challenge to agricultural production, resulting in the loss of fertile soil and food security. The present study was conducted to investigate the challenges associated with fertile agricultural lands in Iran as an attempt to examine and identify the different aspects of the threats agricultural lands are faced with. As a second step, the laws and regulations governing land use change in different countries and in Iran were reviewed and the general policies related to the protection of agricultural lands were examined.  The review of land use laws in Iran showed that, despite their abundance, they have suffered from poor law enforcement as a result of both social and historical reasons as well as a public negligence of and non-adherence to the laws. Evaluations of temporal changes in the growth and development of metropolises as provincial centers revealed that they had greatly expanded beyond their original limits to annex fertile agricultural lands in the suburbs to these large cities. The five-year statistics of the requests submitted for land use change in each province also revealed landlords’ increasing demands submitted for land use change motivated by more profits out of their property, which result in loss of fertile soil, decreased agricultural production, and endangered food security.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land evaluation
  • Soil degradation
  • Land protection
  • Agricultural production
  • Soil protection law

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 11، شماره 2
دی 1402
صفحه 229-248

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