بررسی وضعیت مصرف کودهای نیتروژنه در مزارع گندم استان فارس

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویجی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و

2 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویجی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و

چکیده

امروزه کودهای شیمیایی یکی از نهاده­های اساسی تولید در راستای افزایش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی به شمار می­رود. با ورود بخش خصوصی به توزیع کودهای شیمیایی که به ترغیب کشاورزان به مصرف هر چه بیشتر این نهاده می­پردازند، تردیدهایی در زمینه مصرف بهینه آن در سطح مزارع وجود دارد. بر این اساس، این مطالعه به بررسی وضعیت مصرف بهینه کودهای نیتروژنه به‌عنوان یکی از کودهای پایه در مزارع گندم استان فارس و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آن پرداخته است. داده­های مورد نیاز به‌صورت پیمایشی و از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه به کمک روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای چندمرحله­ای از 457 گندمکار این استان جمع­آوری شد. در ادامه، داده­ها با استفاده از روش آمار توصیفی و مدل توبیت تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد در مصرف کودهای نیتروژنه، 78/56 درصد گندمکاران سطح بهینه مصرف را رعایت نکرده­اند. بر این اساس، توصیه می­گردد سیاست استفاده بهینه در قالب مصرف متناسب با نیاز خاک و گیاه همچنان سیاست محوری در مصرف کودهای نیتروژنه باشد. بدین­منظور با عنایت به نتایج پیشنهاد می­شود تمرکز بر آموزش غیررسمی در کل تناوب زراعی با لحاظ ویژگی­های اقتصادی-اجتماعی بهره­برداران در فرآیند آموزش، تمرکز بر استفاده از ظرفیت مدیریت آب در مزرعه در قالب رویکرد کود-آبیاری و نیز تمرکز بر استفاده از ظرفیت منابع خاک مزرعه در قالب تمرکز بر انجام آزمون خاک قبل از انجام عملیات زراعی و ارائه این آزمون به‌عنوان یک فرهنگ اجتماعی در بین کشاورزان و نیز تمرکز بر کاشت گیاهان دولپه در تناوب با گندم در دستور کار قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nitrogen Fertilizers Consumption in Wheat Fields in Fars Province, Iran (Investigation of the Socio-economic and Technical Repercussions)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdoulrasool Shirvanian 1
  • behrooz hassanpour 2
1 Assistant Professor of Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Chemical fertilizers are nowadays one of the basic production inputs toward enhanced yields of agricultural products. The private businesses stepping into the chemical fertilizer market increasingly encourage farmers to consume more fertilizers, which, in turn, ushers in doubts about their optimal application at the farm level. To address this issue, the present study was designed and implemented to determine the factors involved in the optimal application of nitrogen fertilizers on wheat fields in Fars Province. For this purpose, data were collected through the multi-stage cluster sampling method and the survey method using a questionnaire admninistered to 457 wheat farmers in Fars Province. The data thus collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the Tobit model. Results showed that 78.56 percent of wheat farmers had failed to observe optimal fertilizer consumption levels. It may, therefore, be recommended that the policies pertinent to optimal use of nitrogen fertilizers as tailored to soil and plant requirements should still be enforced as the pivotal approach. For this purpose, informal education on the whole crop rotation may be suggested as the main agenda with due heed paid to farmers’ socio-economic characteristics that affect their learning while farm water management as realized by the fertilizer-irrigation approach management of soil resources as implemented through soil tests prior to field operations and disseminated as a social culture among farmers, and the main focus placed on planting dicotyledonous plants in alternation with wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical fertilizers
  • Fars Province
  • Optimal use
  • Tobit model
  • Wheat

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 11، شماره 2
دی 1402
صفحه 161-177

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