مروری بر مطالعات ارزیابی اقتصادی تخریب سرزمین در جهان بر اساس الگوی تحلیل هزینه – فایده

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسنده

استادیار موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سرزمین، بستر حیات بشر و از مؤلفه‌های مهم توسعه پایدار اقتصادی به­شمار رفته و به‌عنوان یک منبع بنیادین برای تولیدات غذایی، حفاظت از تنوع زیستی، عملکرد سامانه‌های منابع آب و ترسیب کربن در نظر گرفته می‌شود. مدیریت مناسب سرزمین می‌تواند از این منابع ارزشمند محافظت کرده و خدمات آن به جوامع انسانی را به حداکثر برساند. بیابان‌زایی، تخریب سرزمین و خشک‌سالی به­ویژه در مناطق خشک، نیمه‌خشک و خشک نیمه مرطوب، رو به تشدید است. عوامل طبیعی و انسانی متعددی در تشدید این فرایند مؤثر هستند. این عوامل به‌طور پیچیده‌ای با یکدیگر در ارتباط بوده و نیز همپوشانی داشته و لذا برای مدیریت پایدار سرزمین ضروری هستند. دراین‌ارتباط، شناسایی اثرات اقتصادی بیابان‌زایی، تخریب سرزمین و خشک‌سالی و معرفی روش‌های مناسب برای ارزیابی پیامدهای آن‌ها بر جوامع انسانی تحت تأثیر، از اقدامات پایه­ای است. این ارزیابی اقتصادی، نقش بسزایی در سیاست­گذاری­های کلان مدیریت پایدار سرزمین و دستیابی به توسعه پایدار داشته و می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک مرجع و مبنا برای کلیه مجریان مرتبط با مدیریت کاربری سرزمین مورداستفاده قرار گیرد. در این مقاله روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل هزینه – فایده به‌عنوان مبنایی برای ارزیابی اقتصادی مورد بررسی قرارگرفته و روش‌های تحلیل اقتصادی مبتنی بر آن توصیه‌شده است. درواقع تلاش در جهت توقف تخریب سرزمین در سطح جهانی، نیازمند ارزیابی تحلیل مناسب اقتصادی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A review study of global economic evaluations of land degradation based on cost-benefit analysis

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Akbar Damavandi
Assistant Prof., Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده [English]

Land is a source of human life and an important component of sustainable development. It is a vital resource for producing food, preserving biodiversity, and facilitating natural management of water systems, which also serves as a carbon sequestrating medium. Appropriate land management can protect the resources and maximize their benefits to human society. This is while desertification, land degradation, and drought (DLDD) are unfortunately the growingly accelerated processes, particularly in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas. The underlying biophysical and anthropogenic causes of land degradation are multiple, overlapping, and interrelated in a complex manner that are embedded in the understanding of the ‘economics of DLDD’s set of methodologies for assessing the true societal impacts of land degradation. These form the cornerstone of solutions that determine how best financial, technical, and human resources might be allocated to tackle DLDD. The current paper estimates the costs of DLDD, or alternatively, the benefits of sustainable land management (SLM), for different parts of the world. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) should account for both benefits and costs of halting land degradation. CBA is a powerful tool to help decision makers in their objective selection of different land-use management strategies and, thereby, implement effective, resilience-building interventions when funding is limited. In this regard, the Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) method is exploited in this study as a basis for the economic analysis of land degradation. It is, indeed, appropriate economic analysis of the phenomena involved that underlies the efforts to halt or alleviate land degradation on a global scale.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Desertification
  • Arid and Semi-Arid
  • Sustainable Land Management
  • Sustainable Development

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DOI: 10.3354/cr00797

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مدیریت اراضی
دوره 12، شماره 1
شهریور 1403
صفحه 29-43

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